4.2 India’s Initial Submission to UNFCCC in 2004
129
On a sectoral basis.
4
1. Energy sector = 743,820 Gigagram of CO 2 equivalent (61% of total);
2. Agriculture sector contribution = 3,44,485 Gigagram of CO 2 equivalent (28%
of total);
3. Industrial sector contribution = 1,02,710 Gigagram of CO 2 equivalent (8% of
total);
4. Waste disposal contribution = 23,233 Gigagram of CO 2 equivalent (2% of total);
5. Land use, land use change, and forestry sector contribution = 14,292 Gigagram
of CO 2 equivalent (1% of total).
The details of CO 2 emissions in 1994 by various sectors of economic development
are as follows:
i. Industrial sector: Paper, sugar, cement, iron and steel, textile, bricks, fertilizer,
chemical, aluminum, ferroalloys, non-ferrous, food and beverages, leather and
tannery, jute, plastic, mining and quarrying, rubber, and others use coal and
petroleum products as energy sources in substantial quantities. The total CO 2
emission from this sector was 149,806 Gg.
ii. Commercial sector: Activities like cooking, lighting, space heating/cooling,
refrigeration, and pumping characterize the commercial sector that use electricity, LPG, kerosene, diesel, coal, charcoal, and fuelwood. The total CO 2
emission from this sector was 20,509 Gg.
iii. Residential sector: The residential sector consumes energy for lighting, cooking,
heating/cooling, and household appliances. In Indian context the energy source
ranges from biomass-based fuels to coal, kerosene, gas, and electricity. The
total CO 2 emission from this sector was 43,794 Gg. The emission from biomass
burning was excluded for the strange reason of carbon neutrality.
iv. Transport sector: Road transport contributed almost 90% of the total emission
of transport sector which was 79,880 gigagram in 1994. Large number of petrol
and diesel vehicles spew toxic pollutants as well as CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 O. Corrective measures were taken subsequently such as introduction of CNG vehicles,
improvement in auto fuel quality, and enhancement of road infrastructure.
v. Other sectors: The emission from sectors not included anywhere above was
31,963 gigagram.
vi. Industrial processes:
a. The major industrial processes responsible for CO 2 emission (Fig. 4.5)
included cement, iron and steel, lime, limestone and dolomite use, soda ash
manufacture, ammonia, ferroalloys, aluminum and manganese foundries,
and calcium carbide production. The total CO 2 emissions from the industrial processes were estimated to be 99,878 gigagram in 1994. Cement, iron,
and steel manufacturing processes were the key source for CO 2 emissions
(75,212 gigagram CO 2 ).
4 CO 2 emissions from biomass fuels were treated as carbon neutral in the report and therefore not
included in the national totals.
129
On a sectoral basis.
4
1. Energy sector = 743,820 Gigagram of CO 2 equivalent (61% of total);
2. Agriculture sector contribution = 3,44,485 Gigagram of CO 2 equivalent (28%
of total);
3. Industrial sector contribution = 1,02,710 Gigagram of CO 2 equivalent (8% of
total);
4. Waste disposal contribution = 23,233 Gigagram of CO 2 equivalent (2% of total);
5. Land use, land use change, and forestry sector contribution = 14,292 Gigagram
of CO 2 equivalent (1% of total).
The details of CO 2 emissions in 1994 by various sectors of economic development
are as follows:
i. Industrial sector: Paper, sugar, cement, iron and steel, textile, bricks, fertilizer,
chemical, aluminum, ferroalloys, non-ferrous, food and beverages, leather and
tannery, jute, plastic, mining and quarrying, rubber, and others use coal and
petroleum products as energy sources in substantial quantities. The total CO 2
emission from this sector was 149,806 Gg.
ii. Commercial sector: Activities like cooking, lighting, space heating/cooling,
refrigeration, and pumping characterize the commercial sector that use electricity, LPG, kerosene, diesel, coal, charcoal, and fuelwood. The total CO 2
emission from this sector was 20,509 Gg.
iii. Residential sector: The residential sector consumes energy for lighting, cooking,
heating/cooling, and household appliances. In Indian context the energy source
ranges from biomass-based fuels to coal, kerosene, gas, and electricity. The
total CO 2 emission from this sector was 43,794 Gg. The emission from biomass
burning was excluded for the strange reason of carbon neutrality.
iv. Transport sector: Road transport contributed almost 90% of the total emission
of transport sector which was 79,880 gigagram in 1994. Large number of petrol
and diesel vehicles spew toxic pollutants as well as CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 O. Corrective measures were taken subsequently such as introduction of CNG vehicles,
improvement in auto fuel quality, and enhancement of road infrastructure.
v. Other sectors: The emission from sectors not included anywhere above was
31,963 gigagram.
vi. Industrial processes:
a. The major industrial processes responsible for CO 2 emission (Fig. 4.5)
included cement, iron and steel, lime, limestone and dolomite use, soda ash
manufacture, ammonia, ferroalloys, aluminum and manganese foundries,
and calcium carbide production. The total CO 2 emissions from the industrial processes were estimated to be 99,878 gigagram in 1994. Cement, iron,
and steel manufacturing processes were the key source for CO 2 emissions
(75,212 gigagram CO 2 ).
4 CO 2 emissions from biomass fuels were treated as carbon neutral in the report and therefore not
included in the national totals.