190
David, C. (1975). In C. H. Bamford & C. F. H. Tipper (Eds.), Thermal degradation of polymers in
comprehensive chemical kinetics. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Dez, I., Henry, N., & De Jaeger, R. (1999). New heat-resistant polyurethanes prepared from
hydroxylated cyclotriphosphazenes. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 64(3), 433–437.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0141-3910(98)00132-3.
Ding, H., Wang, J., Wang, C., & Chu, F. (2016). Synthesis of a novel phosphorus and nitrogen-containing bio-based polyols and its application in flame retardant polyurethane sealant. Polymer
Degradation and Stability, 124, 43–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.12.006.
Ebdon, J. R., Price, D., Hunt, B. J., Joseph, P., Gao, F., Milnes, G. J., & Cunliffe, L. K. (2000a).
Flame retardance in some polystyrenes and poly(methyl methacrylate) s with covalently bound
phosphorus-containing groups: Initial screening experiments and some laser pyrolysis mechanistic studies. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 69(3), 267–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/
s0141-3910(00)00066-5.
Ebdon, J. R., Hunt, B. J., Joseph, P., Konkel, C. S., Price, D., Pyrah, K., Hull, T. R., Milnes, G. J.,
Hill, S. B., Lindsay, C. I., McCluskey, J., & Robinson, I. (2000b). Thermal degradation and
flame retardance in copolymers of methyl methacrylate with diethyl(methacryloyloxymethyl)
phosphonate. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 70(3), 425–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/
s0141-3910(00)00138-5.
Efros, A., Tyuganova, M., & Galbraykh, L. (1983). Preparation of fire-resistant infusible polycaproamide fiber. Khim. Volokna,(Moscow), (6), 31–32.
Eilbracht, C., & Sicken, M. (2002). Process for producing flame-retardant flexible polyurethane
foams. U.S. Patent No. 6,380,273. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Available in: https://patents.google.com/patent/us6380273b1/en
Engels, H. W., Pirkl, H. G., Albers, R., Albach, R. W., Krause, J., Hoffmann, A., Casselmann, H.,
& Dormish, J. (2013). Polyurethanes: Versatile materials and sustainable problem solvers for
today’s challenges. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 52(36), 9422–9441. https://doi.
org/10.1002/anie.201302766.
Franchini, E., Galy, J., Gérard, J. F., Tabuani, D., & Medici, A. (2009). Influence of POSS structure
on the fire retardant properties of epoxy hybrid networks. Polymer Degradation and Stability,
94(10), 1728–1736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.06.025.
Fu, H., Cui, Y., & Lv, J. (2020). Fire retardant mechanism of PA66 modified by a “trinity” reactive
flame retardant. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 137(1), 47488. https://doi.org/10.1002/
app.47488.
Gérard, C., Fontaine, G., & Bourbigot, S. (2010). New trends in reaction and resistance to fire of
fire-retardant epoxies. Materials, 3(8), 4476–4499. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma3084476.
Hajibeygi, M., Shabanian, M., & Khodaei-Tehrani, M. (2016). New heat resistant nanocomposites reinforced silicate nanolayers containing triazine rings based on polyamide: Synthesis,
characterization, and flame retardancy study. Polymer Composites, 37(1), 188–198. https://doi.
org/10.1002/pc.23170.
Heinen, M., Gerbase, A. E., & Petzhold, C. L. (2014). Vegetable oil-based rigid polyurethanes and
phosphorylated flame-retardants derived from epoxydized soybean oil. Polymer Degradation
and Stability, 108, 76–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.05.024.
Hirschler, M. M. (2015). Flame retardants and heat release: Review of traditional studies on products and on groups of polymers. Fire and Materials, 39(3), 207–231. https://doi.org/10.1002/
fam.2243.
Ho, T. H., Leu, T. S., Sun, Y. M., & Shieh, J. Y. (2006). Thermal degradation kinetics and flame
retardancy of phosphorus-containing dicyclopentadiene epoxy resins. Polymer Degradation
and Stability, 91(10), 2347–2356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2006.04.002.
Ho, T. H., Hwang, H. J., Shieh, J. Y., & Chung, M. C. (2009). Thermal, physical and flameretardant properties of phosphorus-containing epoxy cured with cyanate ester. Reactive and
Functional Polymers, 69(3), 176–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2008.12.019.
Huang, W. K., Yeh, J. T., Chen, K. J., & Chen, K. N. (2001). Flame retardation
improvement of aqueous-based polyurethane with aziridinyl phosphazene curH. Vahabi et al.
David, C. (1975). In C. H. Bamford & C. F. H. Tipper (Eds.), Thermal degradation of polymers in
comprehensive chemical kinetics. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Dez, I., Henry, N., & De Jaeger, R. (1999). New heat-resistant polyurethanes prepared from
hydroxylated cyclotriphosphazenes. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 64(3), 433–437.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0141-3910(98)00132-3.
Ding, H., Wang, J., Wang, C., & Chu, F. (2016). Synthesis of a novel phosphorus and nitrogen-containing bio-based polyols and its application in flame retardant polyurethane sealant. Polymer
Degradation and Stability, 124, 43–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.12.006.
Ebdon, J. R., Price, D., Hunt, B. J., Joseph, P., Gao, F., Milnes, G. J., & Cunliffe, L. K. (2000a).
Flame retardance in some polystyrenes and poly(methyl methacrylate) s with covalently bound
phosphorus-containing groups: Initial screening experiments and some laser pyrolysis mechanistic studies. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 69(3), 267–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/
s0141-3910(00)00066-5.
Ebdon, J. R., Hunt, B. J., Joseph, P., Konkel, C. S., Price, D., Pyrah, K., Hull, T. R., Milnes, G. J.,
Hill, S. B., Lindsay, C. I., McCluskey, J., & Robinson, I. (2000b). Thermal degradation and
flame retardance in copolymers of methyl methacrylate with diethyl(methacryloyloxymethyl)
phosphonate. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 70(3), 425–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/
s0141-3910(00)00138-5.
Efros, A., Tyuganova, M., & Galbraykh, L. (1983). Preparation of fire-resistant infusible polycaproamide fiber. Khim. Volokna,(Moscow), (6), 31–32.
Eilbracht, C., & Sicken, M. (2002). Process for producing flame-retardant flexible polyurethane
foams. U.S. Patent No. 6,380,273. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Available in: https://patents.google.com/patent/us6380273b1/en
Engels, H. W., Pirkl, H. G., Albers, R., Albach, R. W., Krause, J., Hoffmann, A., Casselmann, H.,
& Dormish, J. (2013). Polyurethanes: Versatile materials and sustainable problem solvers for
today’s challenges. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 52(36), 9422–9441. https://doi.
org/10.1002/anie.201302766.
Franchini, E., Galy, J., Gérard, J. F., Tabuani, D., & Medici, A. (2009). Influence of POSS structure
on the fire retardant properties of epoxy hybrid networks. Polymer Degradation and Stability,
94(10), 1728–1736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.06.025.
Fu, H., Cui, Y., & Lv, J. (2020). Fire retardant mechanism of PA66 modified by a “trinity” reactive
flame retardant. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 137(1), 47488. https://doi.org/10.1002/
app.47488.
Gérard, C., Fontaine, G., & Bourbigot, S. (2010). New trends in reaction and resistance to fire of
fire-retardant epoxies. Materials, 3(8), 4476–4499. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma3084476.
Hajibeygi, M., Shabanian, M., & Khodaei-Tehrani, M. (2016). New heat resistant nanocomposites reinforced silicate nanolayers containing triazine rings based on polyamide: Synthesis,
characterization, and flame retardancy study. Polymer Composites, 37(1), 188–198. https://doi.
org/10.1002/pc.23170.
Heinen, M., Gerbase, A. E., & Petzhold, C. L. (2014). Vegetable oil-based rigid polyurethanes and
phosphorylated flame-retardants derived from epoxydized soybean oil. Polymer Degradation
and Stability, 108, 76–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.05.024.
Hirschler, M. M. (2015). Flame retardants and heat release: Review of traditional studies on products and on groups of polymers. Fire and Materials, 39(3), 207–231. https://doi.org/10.1002/
fam.2243.
Ho, T. H., Leu, T. S., Sun, Y. M., & Shieh, J. Y. (2006). Thermal degradation kinetics and flame
retardancy of phosphorus-containing dicyclopentadiene epoxy resins. Polymer Degradation
and Stability, 91(10), 2347–2356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2006.04.002.
Ho, T. H., Hwang, H. J., Shieh, J. Y., & Chung, M. C. (2009). Thermal, physical and flameretardant properties of phosphorus-containing epoxy cured with cyanate ester. Reactive and
Functional Polymers, 69(3), 176–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2008.12.019.
Huang, W. K., Yeh, J. T., Chen, K. J., & Chen, K. N. (2001). Flame retardation
improvement of aqueous-based polyurethane with aziridinyl phosphazene curH. Vahabi et al.