TiO 2 electrodes in nonaqueous
solvents. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97,
1426–1430.
152 L. Butler; G. Redmond; D.
Fitzmaurice, Preparation and
spectroscopic characterization of
highly confined nanocrystallites of
GaAs in Decane. J. Phys. Chem. 1993,
97, 10750–10755.
153 G. Redmond; A. O’Keeffe; C. Burgess; C. MacHale; D. Fitzmaurice,
Spectroscopic determination of flatband potential of transparent nanocrystalline ZnO films. J. Phys. Chem. 1993,
97, 11081–11086.
154 I. Bedja; S. Hotchandani; P. V.
Kamat, Preparation and characterization of thin SnO 2 nanocrystalline
semiconductor films and their sensitization with bis(2,2
0 -bipyridine)(2,2
0 -
bipyridine-4-4
0 -dicarboxylic
acid)ruthenium complex. J. Phys.
Chem. 1994, 98, 4133–4140.
155 C. Liu; A. J. Bard, Effect of excess
charge on band energetics (optical
absorption edge and carrier redox
potentials) in small semiconductor
particles. J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93,
3232–3237.
156 D. Liu; P. V. Kamat, Electrochemically
active nanocrystalline SnO 2 films.
Surface modification with thiazine and
oxazine dye aggregates. J. Electrochem.
Soc. 1995, 142, 835–839.
157 R. Cinnsealach; G. Boschloo; S. N.
Rao; D. Fitzmaurice, Colored
electrochromic windows based on
nanostructured TiO 2 films modified
by adsorbed redox chromophores. Sol.
Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 1999, 57, 107–
125.
158 R. Cinnsealach; G. Boschloo; S. N.
Rao; D. Fitzmaurice, Electrochromic
windows based on viologen-modified
nanostructured TiO 2 films. Sol. Energy
Mater. Sol. Cells 1998, 55, 215–223.
159 P. Bonhote; E. Gogniat; F. Campus;
L. Walder; M. Graetzel, Nanocrystalline electrochromic displays.
Displays 1999, 20, 137–144.
160 F. Campus; P. Bonhote; M.
Graetzel; S. Heinen; L. Walder,
Electrochromic devices based on
surface-modified nanocrystalline TiO 2
thin-film electrodes. Solar Energy
Mater. and Solar Cells 1996, 56, 281–
297.
161 N. Leventis; Y. C. Chung, Preparation And Characterization Of Tungsten
Trioxide Dibenzyl Viologen Polymer
Bilayer Electrochromic Films. J. Mater.
Chem. 1993, 3, 833–839.
162 N. R. de Tacconi; K. Rajeshwar;
R. O. Lezna, Preparation, photoelectrochemical characterization, and photoelectrochromic behavior of metal
exacyanoferrate-titanium dioxide composite films. Electrochim Acta 2000, 45,
3403–3411.
163 M. K. Nazeeruddin; A. Kay; I. Rodicio; B. R. Humphry; E. Mueller;
P. Liska; N. Vlachopoulos; M.
Graetzel, Conversion of light to
electricity by cis-X 2 bis(2,2
0 -bipyridyl4,4
0 -dicarboxylate)ruthenium(II)
charge-transfer sensitizers (X ¼ Cl À ,
Br À , I À , CN À , and SCN À ) on nanocrystalline TiO 2 electrodes. J. Am. Chem.
Soc. 1993, 115, 6382–90.
164 I. Bedja; S. Hotchandani; R.
Carpentier; R. W. Fessenden; P. V.
Kamat, Chlorophyll b modified
nanocrystalline SnO 2 semiconductor thin film as a photosensitive
electrode. J. Appl. Phys. 1994, 75,
5444–5456.
165 S. Hotchandani; P. V. Kamat,
Modification of electrode surface with
semiconductor colloids and its
sensitization with chlorophyll a. Chem.
Phys. Lett. 1992, 191, 320–326.
166 S. Hotchandani; S. Das; K. George
Thomas; M. V. George; P. V. Kamat,
Interaction of semiconductor colloids
with J-aggregates of squaraine dye and
its role in sensitizing nanocrystalline
semiconductor films. Res. Chem.
Intermed. 1994, 20, 927–938.
167 A. Hagfeldt; M. Graetzel, Lightinduced redox reactions in nanocrystalline systems. Chem. Rev. 1995, 95,
49–68.
168 P. V. Kamat, Electron Transfer Processes
in Nanostructured Semiconductor Thin
Films, in Nanoparticles and Nanostructural Films, J. H. Fendler, Editor.
1998, Wiley-VCH: New York. p. 207–
233.
19 Photochemistry and Electrochemistry of Nanoassemblies
644
solvents. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97,
1426–1430.
152 L. Butler; G. Redmond; D.
Fitzmaurice, Preparation and
spectroscopic characterization of
highly confined nanocrystallites of
GaAs in Decane. J. Phys. Chem. 1993,
97, 10750–10755.
153 G. Redmond; A. O’Keeffe; C. Burgess; C. MacHale; D. Fitzmaurice,
Spectroscopic determination of flatband potential of transparent nanocrystalline ZnO films. J. Phys. Chem. 1993,
97, 11081–11086.
154 I. Bedja; S. Hotchandani; P. V.
Kamat, Preparation and characterization of thin SnO 2 nanocrystalline
semiconductor films and their sensitization with bis(2,2
0 -bipyridine)(2,2
0 -
bipyridine-4-4
0 -dicarboxylic
acid)ruthenium complex. J. Phys.
Chem. 1994, 98, 4133–4140.
155 C. Liu; A. J. Bard, Effect of excess
charge on band energetics (optical
absorption edge and carrier redox
potentials) in small semiconductor
particles. J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93,
3232–3237.
156 D. Liu; P. V. Kamat, Electrochemically
active nanocrystalline SnO 2 films.
Surface modification with thiazine and
oxazine dye aggregates. J. Electrochem.
Soc. 1995, 142, 835–839.
157 R. Cinnsealach; G. Boschloo; S. N.
Rao; D. Fitzmaurice, Colored
electrochromic windows based on
nanostructured TiO 2 films modified
by adsorbed redox chromophores. Sol.
Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 1999, 57, 107–
125.
158 R. Cinnsealach; G. Boschloo; S. N.
Rao; D. Fitzmaurice, Electrochromic
windows based on viologen-modified
nanostructured TiO 2 films. Sol. Energy
Mater. Sol. Cells 1998, 55, 215–223.
159 P. Bonhote; E. Gogniat; F. Campus;
L. Walder; M. Graetzel, Nanocrystalline electrochromic displays.
Displays 1999, 20, 137–144.
160 F. Campus; P. Bonhote; M.
Graetzel; S. Heinen; L. Walder,
Electrochromic devices based on
surface-modified nanocrystalline TiO 2
thin-film electrodes. Solar Energy
Mater. and Solar Cells 1996, 56, 281–
297.
161 N. Leventis; Y. C. Chung, Preparation And Characterization Of Tungsten
Trioxide Dibenzyl Viologen Polymer
Bilayer Electrochromic Films. J. Mater.
Chem. 1993, 3, 833–839.
162 N. R. de Tacconi; K. Rajeshwar;
R. O. Lezna, Preparation, photoelectrochemical characterization, and photoelectrochromic behavior of metal
exacyanoferrate-titanium dioxide composite films. Electrochim Acta 2000, 45,
3403–3411.
163 M. K. Nazeeruddin; A. Kay; I. Rodicio; B. R. Humphry; E. Mueller;
P. Liska; N. Vlachopoulos; M.
Graetzel, Conversion of light to
electricity by cis-X 2 bis(2,2
0 -bipyridyl4,4
0 -dicarboxylate)ruthenium(II)
charge-transfer sensitizers (X ¼ Cl À ,
Br À , I À , CN À , and SCN À ) on nanocrystalline TiO 2 electrodes. J. Am. Chem.
Soc. 1993, 115, 6382–90.
164 I. Bedja; S. Hotchandani; R.
Carpentier; R. W. Fessenden; P. V.
Kamat, Chlorophyll b modified
nanocrystalline SnO 2 semiconductor thin film as a photosensitive
electrode. J. Appl. Phys. 1994, 75,
5444–5456.
165 S. Hotchandani; P. V. Kamat,
Modification of electrode surface with
semiconductor colloids and its
sensitization with chlorophyll a. Chem.
Phys. Lett. 1992, 191, 320–326.
166 S. Hotchandani; S. Das; K. George
Thomas; M. V. George; P. V. Kamat,
Interaction of semiconductor colloids
with J-aggregates of squaraine dye and
its role in sensitizing nanocrystalline
semiconductor films. Res. Chem.
Intermed. 1994, 20, 927–938.
167 A. Hagfeldt; M. Graetzel, Lightinduced redox reactions in nanocrystalline systems. Chem. Rev. 1995, 95,
49–68.
168 P. V. Kamat, Electron Transfer Processes
in Nanostructured Semiconductor Thin
Films, in Nanoparticles and Nanostructural Films, J. H. Fendler, Editor.
1998, Wiley-VCH: New York. p. 207–
233.
19 Photochemistry and Electrochemistry of Nanoassemblies
644