determined by uniaxial tensile tests with a different strain rate and temperature as
shown in Fig. 6.20.
E m ¼ À0:0005T
2
À 0:021T þ 13:33 þ 0:6 log _
ε
ð Þ GPa
ð
Þ
The gas constant is R ¼ 8.3145 J/mol/K.
The critical TSI as a function of temperature for composite A is determined from
the uniaxial tensile tests at various temperatures as seen in Fig. 6.21.
Φ cr ¼ 0:1972T þ 50:22 T 100
Φ cr ensures that Φ goes all the way to 1.00. If not used, nothing in the formulation
changes.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0
50
100
150
Temperature
)
a
P
G
(
s
u
l
u
d
o
M
c
i
t
s
a
l
E
Strain rate=1E-3
Strain rate=1E-4
Strain rate=1E-5
Fig. 6.20 Elastic modulus
of composite A as a function
of temperature (Nie 2005)
0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
0
20
40
60
80 100 120
Temperature
)
s
(
e
m
i
T
n
o
i
t
x
a
l
e
R
Fig. 6.19 Relaxation time
of composite A as a function
of temperature
6.8 Verification Examples
335