13 Whole-Cell Vaccine Preparation: Options and Perspectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Punit Kumar, Sunita, Kashyap Kumar Dubey,
and Pratyoosh Shukla
14 O-Antigen Extraction, Purification, and Chemical Conjugation
to a Carrier Protein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Francesca Micoli, Carlo Giannelli,
and Roberta Di Benedetto
15 Oligosaccharide Antigen Conjugation to Carrier Proteins
to Formulate Glycoconjugate Vaccines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Brittany R. Smith and Zhongwu Guo
16 Exploitation of Capsule Polymerases for Enzymatic Synthesis
of Polysaccharide Antigens Used in Glycoconjugate Vaccines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Christa Litschko, Insa Budde, Monika Berger,
and Timm Fiebig
17 Attenuation Methods for Live Vaccines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
Dipasree Hajra, Akshay Datey,
and Dipshikha Chakravortty
18 Surface Modification of Adenovirus Vector to Improve Immunogenicity
and Tropism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
Yasmine Gabal and Joshua D. Ramsey
19 Production of Baculovirus and Stem Cells for Baculovirus-Mediated
Gene Transfer into Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
Friederike Eilts, Julie Harnischfeger, Daniel Loewe,
Michael W. Wolff, Denise Salzig, and Peter Czermak
20 Lipofection-Based Delivery of DNA Vaccines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
Monika Rak, Anna G ora-Sochacka, and Zbigniew Madeja
21 Flavivirus DNA Vaccine Design and Adjuvant Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
Lei Li, Yoshikazu Honda-Okubo, and Nikolai Petrovsky
22 Vaccine Delivery with a Detoxified Bacterial Toxin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
Diana Diaz-Are ´valo, Yanping Chen, and Mingtao Zeng
23 Needleless or Noninvasive Delivery Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
Akshay Datey, Jagadeesh Gopalan, and Dipshikha Chakravortty
24 Lactic Acid Bacteria as Delivery Vehicle for Therapeutics Applications . . . . . . . . . 447
Viviane Lima Batista, Tales Fernando da Silva,
Luis Cla ´ udio Lima de Jesus, Ana Paula Tapia-Costa,
Mariana Martins Drumond, Vasco Azevedo,
and Pamela Mancha-Agresti
25 A Hybrid Biological–Biomaterial Vector for Antigen Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
Ruiquan Qi, Andrew Hill, and Blaine A. Pfeifer
26 Liposomal Dual Delivery of Both Polysaccharide and Protein Antigens . . . . . . . . 477
Roozbeh Nayerhoda, Andrew Hill, and Blaine A. Pfeifer
27 Thin-Film Freeze-Drying Is a Viable Method to Convert Vaccines Containing Aluminum Salts from Liquid to Dry Powder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489
Riyad F. Alzhrani, Haiyue Xu, Chaeho Moon,
Laura J. Suggs, Robert O. Williams III,
and Zhengrong Cui
viii
Contents
Punit Kumar, Sunita, Kashyap Kumar Dubey,
and Pratyoosh Shukla
14 O-Antigen Extraction, Purification, and Chemical Conjugation
to a Carrier Protein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Francesca Micoli, Carlo Giannelli,
and Roberta Di Benedetto
15 Oligosaccharide Antigen Conjugation to Carrier Proteins
to Formulate Glycoconjugate Vaccines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Brittany R. Smith and Zhongwu Guo
16 Exploitation of Capsule Polymerases for Enzymatic Synthesis
of Polysaccharide Antigens Used in Glycoconjugate Vaccines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Christa Litschko, Insa Budde, Monika Berger,
and Timm Fiebig
17 Attenuation Methods for Live Vaccines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
Dipasree Hajra, Akshay Datey,
and Dipshikha Chakravortty
18 Surface Modification of Adenovirus Vector to Improve Immunogenicity
and Tropism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
Yasmine Gabal and Joshua D. Ramsey
19 Production of Baculovirus and Stem Cells for Baculovirus-Mediated
Gene Transfer into Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
Friederike Eilts, Julie Harnischfeger, Daniel Loewe,
Michael W. Wolff, Denise Salzig, and Peter Czermak
20 Lipofection-Based Delivery of DNA Vaccines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
Monika Rak, Anna G ora-Sochacka, and Zbigniew Madeja
21 Flavivirus DNA Vaccine Design and Adjuvant Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
Lei Li, Yoshikazu Honda-Okubo, and Nikolai Petrovsky
22 Vaccine Delivery with a Detoxified Bacterial Toxin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
Diana Diaz-Are ´valo, Yanping Chen, and Mingtao Zeng
23 Needleless or Noninvasive Delivery Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
Akshay Datey, Jagadeesh Gopalan, and Dipshikha Chakravortty
24 Lactic Acid Bacteria as Delivery Vehicle for Therapeutics Applications . . . . . . . . . 447
Viviane Lima Batista, Tales Fernando da Silva,
Luis Cla ´ udio Lima de Jesus, Ana Paula Tapia-Costa,
Mariana Martins Drumond, Vasco Azevedo,
and Pamela Mancha-Agresti
25 A Hybrid Biological–Biomaterial Vector for Antigen Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
Ruiquan Qi, Andrew Hill, and Blaine A. Pfeifer
26 Liposomal Dual Delivery of Both Polysaccharide and Protein Antigens . . . . . . . . 477
Roozbeh Nayerhoda, Andrew Hill, and Blaine A. Pfeifer
27 Thin-Film Freeze-Drying Is a Viable Method to Convert Vaccines Containing Aluminum Salts from Liquid to Dry Powder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489
Riyad F. Alzhrani, Haiyue Xu, Chaeho Moon,
Laura J. Suggs, Robert O. Williams III,
and Zhengrong Cui
viii
Contents