Microbiol Biotechnol 93:1031–1040. https://
doi.org/10.1007/s00253-011-3574-y
20. Weiss K, Salzig D, Ro ¨der Y et al (2013) Influence of process conditions on measles virus
stability. Am J Biochem Biotechnol 9
(3):243–254.
https://doi.org/10.3844/
ajbbsp.2013.243.254
21. Loewe D, H€ aussler J, Grein TA et al (2019)
Forced degradation studies to identify critical
process parameters for the purification of infectious measles virus. Viruses 11(8). https://doi.
org/10.3390/v11080725
22. Rapp F, Butel JS, Wallis C (1965) Protection of
measles virus by sulfate ions against thermal
inactivation. J Bacteriol 90:132–135
23. Chisti Y (2000) Animal-cell damage in sparged
bioreactors. Trends Biotechnol 18:420–432.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7799(00)
01474-8
24. Crouch CF, Fowler HW, Spier RE (1985) The
adhesion of animal cells to surfaces: the measurement of critical surface shear stress permitting attachment or causing detachment. J
Chem Tech Biotechnol 35:273–281
25. Cherry RS, Papoutsakis ET (1989) Growth
and death rates of bovine embryonic kidney
cells in turbulent microcarrier bioreactors. Bioprocess Eng 4:81–89. https://doi.org/10.
1007/BF00373735
26. Baczko K, Lazzarini RA (1979) Efficient propagation of measles virus in suspension cultures.
J Virol 31:854–855
27. Sviben D, Forc ˇic ´ D, Kurtovic ´ T et al (2016)
Stability, biophysical properties and effect of
ultracentrifugation and diafiltration on measles
virus and mumps virus. Arch Virol 161
(6):1455–1467. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s00705-016-2801-3
28. Wolff MW, Reichl U (2008) Downstream processing: from egg to cell culture-derived influenza virus particles. Chem Eng Technol 31
(6):846–857. https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.
200800118
29. Weigel T, Soliman R, Wolff MW et al (2019)
Hydrophobic-interaction chromatography for
purification of influenza A and B virus. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci
1117:103–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
jchromb.2019.03.037
30. Wolff MW, Siewert C, Lehmann S et al (2010)
Capturing of cell culture-derived modified Vaccinia Ankara virus by ion exchange and pseudoaffinity membrane adsorbers. Biotechnol
Bioeng 105(4):761–769. https://doi.org/10.
1002/bit.22595
31. Wolff MW, Siewert C, Hansen SP et al (2010)
Purification of cell culture-derived modified
vaccinia ankara virus by pseudo-affinity membrane adsorbers and hydrophobic interaction
chromatography. Biotechnol Bioeng 107
(2):312–320. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.
22797
32. Orr V, Zhong L, Moo-Young M et al (2013)
Recent advances in bioprocessing application
of membrane chromatography. Biotechnol
Adv 31(4):450–465. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.biotechadv.2013.01.007
33. Grein TA, Michalsky R, Vega Lo ´pez M et al
(2012) Purification of a recombinant baculovirus of Autographa californica M nucleopolyhedrovirus by ion exchange membrane
chromatography. J Virol Methods 183
(2):117–124.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
jviromet.2012.03.031
34. Peixoto C, Ferreira TB, Sousa MFQ et al
(2008) Towards purification of adenoviral vectors based on membrane technology. Biotechnol Prog 24(6):1290–1296. https://doi.org/
10.1002/btpr.25
35. Nestola P, Peixoto C, Villain L et al (2015)
Rational development of two flowthrough
purification strategies for adenovirus type
5 and retro virus-like particles. J Chromatogr
A 1426:91–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
chroma.2015.11.037
36. Opitz L, Salaklang J, Bu ¨ttner H et al (2007)
Lectin-affinity chromatography for downstream processing of MDCK cell culture
derived human influenza A viruses. Vaccine 25
(5):939–947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vac
cine.2006.08.043
37. Weigel T, Solomaier T, Wehmeyer S et al
(2016) A membrane-based purification process
for cell culture-derived influenza A virus. J Biotechnol
220:12–20.
https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.jbiotec.2015.12.022
38. Fortuna AR, van Teeffelen S, Ley A et al (2019)
Use of sulfated cellulose membrane adsorbers
for chromatographic purification of cell
cultured-derived influenza A and B viruses.
Sep Purif Technol 226:350–358. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.seppur.2019.05.101
39. Opitz L, Lehmann S, Reichl U et al (2009)
Sulfated membrane adsorbers for economic
pseudo-affinity capture of influenza virus particles. Biotechnol Bioeng 103(6):1144–1154.
https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.22345
40. Carvalho SB, Fortuna AR, Wolff MW et al
(2018) Purification of influenza virus-like particles using sulfated cellulose membrane adsorbers. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 93
(7):1988–1996. https://doi.org/10.1002/
jctb.5474
Viral Nanoplex Vaccine Production
245
doi.org/10.1007/s00253-011-3574-y
20. Weiss K, Salzig D, Ro ¨der Y et al (2013) Influence of process conditions on measles virus
stability. Am J Biochem Biotechnol 9
(3):243–254.
https://doi.org/10.3844/
ajbbsp.2013.243.254
21. Loewe D, H€ aussler J, Grein TA et al (2019)
Forced degradation studies to identify critical
process parameters for the purification of infectious measles virus. Viruses 11(8). https://doi.
org/10.3390/v11080725
22. Rapp F, Butel JS, Wallis C (1965) Protection of
measles virus by sulfate ions against thermal
inactivation. J Bacteriol 90:132–135
23. Chisti Y (2000) Animal-cell damage in sparged
bioreactors. Trends Biotechnol 18:420–432.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7799(00)
01474-8
24. Crouch CF, Fowler HW, Spier RE (1985) The
adhesion of animal cells to surfaces: the measurement of critical surface shear stress permitting attachment or causing detachment. J
Chem Tech Biotechnol 35:273–281
25. Cherry RS, Papoutsakis ET (1989) Growth
and death rates of bovine embryonic kidney
cells in turbulent microcarrier bioreactors. Bioprocess Eng 4:81–89. https://doi.org/10.
1007/BF00373735
26. Baczko K, Lazzarini RA (1979) Efficient propagation of measles virus in suspension cultures.
J Virol 31:854–855
27. Sviben D, Forc ˇic ´ D, Kurtovic ´ T et al (2016)
Stability, biophysical properties and effect of
ultracentrifugation and diafiltration on measles
virus and mumps virus. Arch Virol 161
(6):1455–1467. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s00705-016-2801-3
28. Wolff MW, Reichl U (2008) Downstream processing: from egg to cell culture-derived influenza virus particles. Chem Eng Technol 31
(6):846–857. https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.
200800118
29. Weigel T, Soliman R, Wolff MW et al (2019)
Hydrophobic-interaction chromatography for
purification of influenza A and B virus. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci
1117:103–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
jchromb.2019.03.037
30. Wolff MW, Siewert C, Lehmann S et al (2010)
Capturing of cell culture-derived modified Vaccinia Ankara virus by ion exchange and pseudoaffinity membrane adsorbers. Biotechnol
Bioeng 105(4):761–769. https://doi.org/10.
1002/bit.22595
31. Wolff MW, Siewert C, Hansen SP et al (2010)
Purification of cell culture-derived modified
vaccinia ankara virus by pseudo-affinity membrane adsorbers and hydrophobic interaction
chromatography. Biotechnol Bioeng 107
(2):312–320. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.
22797
32. Orr V, Zhong L, Moo-Young M et al (2013)
Recent advances in bioprocessing application
of membrane chromatography. Biotechnol
Adv 31(4):450–465. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.biotechadv.2013.01.007
33. Grein TA, Michalsky R, Vega Lo ´pez M et al
(2012) Purification of a recombinant baculovirus of Autographa californica M nucleopolyhedrovirus by ion exchange membrane
chromatography. J Virol Methods 183
(2):117–124.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
jviromet.2012.03.031
34. Peixoto C, Ferreira TB, Sousa MFQ et al
(2008) Towards purification of adenoviral vectors based on membrane technology. Biotechnol Prog 24(6):1290–1296. https://doi.org/
10.1002/btpr.25
35. Nestola P, Peixoto C, Villain L et al (2015)
Rational development of two flowthrough
purification strategies for adenovirus type
5 and retro virus-like particles. J Chromatogr
A 1426:91–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
chroma.2015.11.037
36. Opitz L, Salaklang J, Bu ¨ttner H et al (2007)
Lectin-affinity chromatography for downstream processing of MDCK cell culture
derived human influenza A viruses. Vaccine 25
(5):939–947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vac
cine.2006.08.043
37. Weigel T, Solomaier T, Wehmeyer S et al
(2016) A membrane-based purification process
for cell culture-derived influenza A virus. J Biotechnol
220:12–20.
https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.jbiotec.2015.12.022
38. Fortuna AR, van Teeffelen S, Ley A et al (2019)
Use of sulfated cellulose membrane adsorbers
for chromatographic purification of cell
cultured-derived influenza A and B viruses.
Sep Purif Technol 226:350–358. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.seppur.2019.05.101
39. Opitz L, Lehmann S, Reichl U et al (2009)
Sulfated membrane adsorbers for economic
pseudo-affinity capture of influenza virus particles. Biotechnol Bioeng 103(6):1144–1154.
https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.22345
40. Carvalho SB, Fortuna AR, Wolff MW et al
(2018) Purification of influenza virus-like particles using sulfated cellulose membrane adsorbers. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 93
(7):1988–1996. https://doi.org/10.1002/
jctb.5474
Viral Nanoplex Vaccine Production
245