3 Low-Carbon Transition (Peaking) of Chinese Cities: The Case …
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at 3.5 million tce per year (Beijing Municipal Commission of Development and
Reform 2011). Solar is relatively abundant in Beijing. Beijing is listed as a Class II
solar resource region (very rich solar resource zone), featuring high annual average
irradiance (about 160–200 W/m
2 ) (Division of New and Renewable Energy of the
National Energy Administration and National Renewable Energy Center 2017). But
limited available land area implies a measure of uncertainty for the available solar
resource being utilized. Given the limited renewable resources on the whole, the
production of sufficient renewable power constitutes a major challenge to Beijing on
the way of peaking carbon emissions.
Meanwhile, the proportion of imported electricity will continue to be above 60%
. With the sustained growth in electricity demand, the quantity of net import would
spike from 67.5 TWh in 2017 to 112.16 (RP)—139.33 TWh (CP). While ensuring
security and stability of its power system, low-carbon and clean transition presents
a key challenge for Beijing in achieving the CO 2 emission peak.
3.2.4 Key Suggestions on CO 2 Emission Reduction Measures
3.2.4.1 Further Promote Energy-Saving and Energy Substitution
in Building Sector
The building sector needs to take multi-pronged steps to facilitate the peak by
2020, including boosting building energy efficiency and scaling up low-carbon and
clean energy alternatives. Current energy conservation efforts in China are gradually
moving from intensity control to a blend of such control with a cap on total energy
use. The target on limiting the total energy consumption of civil buildings within 41
million tce by 2020 has been put forward in the 13 th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Energy-saving Civil Buildings issued by the Beijing municipality. Based
on our calculation, the energy consumption of building sector can be kept at about
42.5 million tce in 2025 and 45 million tce in 2035 through proper control measures
and guidance. A stricter cap on total energy use can be defined in relevant plans to
boost energy conservation in the building sector.
Public and commercial buildings (excluding UH) represent the largest energy
consumer among the four sub-sectors of the building sector in Beijing, and energy
intensity in this component has hit a plateau, meaning that future energy saving
should mostly come from energy intensity caps and efficiency improvement. Beijing
has unveiled the Civil Building Energy Consumption Targets (draft for comments)
for almost all forms of public buildings, providing the standard to exercise effective
management on capping energy use of buildings. Going forward, the city should step
up enforcement of the standard.
The reduction of energy consumption in urban heating can be achieved by
improving the inherent performance of the building, reform of the thermal system
and optimizing of the heat source. In a bid to cut energy use in the building sector,
Beijing has released the 75% energy-efficiency standards, and has drafted the 80%
79
at 3.5 million tce per year (Beijing Municipal Commission of Development and
Reform 2011). Solar is relatively abundant in Beijing. Beijing is listed as a Class II
solar resource region (very rich solar resource zone), featuring high annual average
irradiance (about 160–200 W/m
2 ) (Division of New and Renewable Energy of the
National Energy Administration and National Renewable Energy Center 2017). But
limited available land area implies a measure of uncertainty for the available solar
resource being utilized. Given the limited renewable resources on the whole, the
production of sufficient renewable power constitutes a major challenge to Beijing on
the way of peaking carbon emissions.
Meanwhile, the proportion of imported electricity will continue to be above 60%
. With the sustained growth in electricity demand, the quantity of net import would
spike from 67.5 TWh in 2017 to 112.16 (RP)—139.33 TWh (CP). While ensuring
security and stability of its power system, low-carbon and clean transition presents
a key challenge for Beijing in achieving the CO 2 emission peak.
3.2.4 Key Suggestions on CO 2 Emission Reduction Measures
3.2.4.1 Further Promote Energy-Saving and Energy Substitution
in Building Sector
The building sector needs to take multi-pronged steps to facilitate the peak by
2020, including boosting building energy efficiency and scaling up low-carbon and
clean energy alternatives. Current energy conservation efforts in China are gradually
moving from intensity control to a blend of such control with a cap on total energy
use. The target on limiting the total energy consumption of civil buildings within 41
million tce by 2020 has been put forward in the 13 th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Energy-saving Civil Buildings issued by the Beijing municipality. Based
on our calculation, the energy consumption of building sector can be kept at about
42.5 million tce in 2025 and 45 million tce in 2035 through proper control measures
and guidance. A stricter cap on total energy use can be defined in relevant plans to
boost energy conservation in the building sector.
Public and commercial buildings (excluding UH) represent the largest energy
consumer among the four sub-sectors of the building sector in Beijing, and energy
intensity in this component has hit a plateau, meaning that future energy saving
should mostly come from energy intensity caps and efficiency improvement. Beijing
has unveiled the Civil Building Energy Consumption Targets (draft for comments)
for almost all forms of public buildings, providing the standard to exercise effective
management on capping energy use of buildings. Going forward, the city should step
up enforcement of the standard.
The reduction of energy consumption in urban heating can be achieved by
improving the inherent performance of the building, reform of the thermal system
and optimizing of the heat source. In a bid to cut energy use in the building sector,
Beijing has released the 75% energy-efficiency standards, and has drafted the 80%