fluorescence, 212–213
overview, 211–212
Spheres, nanoscale confinement on, 117–121
overview, 117, 118
sphere model, particle in, 121
Spherical nanoparticle N/n ratios for, 26–27
Spin-coating, 411, 412
Spontaneous change, direction of, 44–46
SPR, see Surface plasmon resonance (SPR)
Stacking interactions, π-π, 176–177
State functions
defined, 35
entropy, 39–44
change of expanding gas, 40
classical interpretation, 39–41
statistical interpretation, 41–44
Gibbs energy, 44–50
direction of spontaneous change, 44–46
multicomponent systems and chemical potential,
49–50
surface tension and, 47–48
Static contact angle, 223
Static self-assembly, 11
Stationary phase, defined, 141
Statistical interpretation, entropy, 41–44
Steady-state approximation, 79–81
STEM, see Scanning transmission electron microscopy
(STEM)
Stern layer, 157–158
STM, see Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM)
Stokes–Einstein equation, 210
Stokes’ law, 87–88
Stokes shifts, 351–352
defined, 204
Streptavidin-coated quantum dots,
363–364
Stretching, of DNA strand, 34–35
Substrate, defined, 230
Sum-frequency generation (SFG), 297
defined, 297
nonlinear spectroscopic method,
304–307
as surface-specific probes, 300
Sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy,
304–307, 305f–307f
Supercritical liquid, 56
Superhydrophobic surfaces, nanomaterials and,
225–230
Superlattices, quantum well, 96
Supramolecular chemistry, 337
Supramolecular machines, 337
Supramolecular science, 11–12
Surface and Interfacial Tension: Measurement,
Theory, and Applications, 256
Surface atoms, 23, 24f
Surface characterization and imaging methods,
255–329
ellipsometry, 265–278
basic principles, 270–273
defined, 266
electromagnetic theory and polarized light,
266–270
Index 491
overview, 211–212
Spheres, nanoscale confinement on, 117–121
overview, 117, 118
sphere model, particle in, 121
Spherical nanoparticle N/n ratios for, 26–27
Spin-coating, 411, 412
Spontaneous change, direction of, 44–46
SPR, see Surface plasmon resonance (SPR)
Stacking interactions, π-π, 176–177
State functions
defined, 35
entropy, 39–44
change of expanding gas, 40
classical interpretation, 39–41
statistical interpretation, 41–44
Gibbs energy, 44–50
direction of spontaneous change, 44–46
multicomponent systems and chemical potential,
49–50
surface tension and, 47–48
Static contact angle, 223
Static self-assembly, 11
Stationary phase, defined, 141
Statistical interpretation, entropy, 41–44
Steady-state approximation, 79–81
STEM, see Scanning transmission electron microscopy
(STEM)
Stern layer, 157–158
STM, see Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM)
Stokes–Einstein equation, 210
Stokes’ law, 87–88
Stokes shifts, 351–352
defined, 204
Streptavidin-coated quantum dots,
363–364
Stretching, of DNA strand, 34–35
Substrate, defined, 230
Sum-frequency generation (SFG), 297
defined, 297
nonlinear spectroscopic method,
304–307
as surface-specific probes, 300
Sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy,
304–307, 305f–307f
Supercritical liquid, 56
Superhydrophobic surfaces, nanomaterials and,
225–230
Superlattices, quantum well, 96
Supramolecular chemistry, 337
Supramolecular machines, 337
Supramolecular science, 11–12
Surface and Interfacial Tension: Measurement,
Theory, and Applications, 256
Surface atoms, 23, 24f
Surface characterization and imaging methods,
255–329
ellipsometry, 265–278
basic principles, 270–273
defined, 266
electromagnetic theory and polarized light,
266–270
Index 491