Sn nanoparticles, melting temperature, 27–28, 27f
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 219–220, 222, 242f
Soft lithography, 416, 416f
Soft Machines: Nanotechnology and Life, 14
Soft Matter and Nanoscale, 4
Soft sphere model, of overlap repulsion, 151–152, 151f
Solar cells (photovoltaic cells), 344–347, 345f–347f
dye-sensitized, 347, 347f
fill factor, 345
light-emitting diode, 346
maximum voltage (open-circuit voltage, V OC ),
344–345
Sol-gel processing method, 410–411, 410f
Solids, surface energy of, 218–219
Solid supported lipid bilayers, 398–402, 399f–401f
Solution kinetics, 86–92
basic physics, 87–89
kinetics of diffusion control, 89–92
overview, 86–87
Solvatochromism, 173–174
Solvent-assisted lipid bilayer (SALB), 406
Solvent polarity, 174
Spacing, energy, 112
Spatial dimensionality, nanomaterials, 8–9
Spatial quantization, 100–101
Spectrophotometer, UV–vis, 191
Spectroscopic methods
nonlinear, 294–307
examples, 297–298
nonlinear optics, 294–300
overview, 294–300
second-harmonic generation, 300–304, 304f
SFG, 304–307
SHG, 300–304
sum-frequency generation spectroscopy,
304–307, 305f–307f
surface-sensitive, 290–294
ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, 290–292
attenuated total reflection IR spectroscopy,
290–292
RAIRS, 292
reflection absorption IR spectroscopy, 292
SERS, 293–294
surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, 293–294
Spectroscopic methods, bulk characterization, 181–201
absorption of visible light by nanofilm, 192–194
examples, 193–194
interactions between light and matter, 183–188
molecular fluorescence spectroscopy, 194–197
principles, 194–196
setup, 196–197
overview, 181–183
Raman spectroscopy, 203–204
UV–visible spectroscopy, 188–191
principles, 188–191
spectrophotometer, setup, 191
vibrational, 197–201
x-ray, 211–214
absorption, 212
diffraction, 213–214
490 Index
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 219–220, 222, 242f
Soft lithography, 416, 416f
Soft Machines: Nanotechnology and Life, 14
Soft Matter and Nanoscale, 4
Soft sphere model, of overlap repulsion, 151–152, 151f
Solar cells (photovoltaic cells), 344–347, 345f–347f
dye-sensitized, 347, 347f
fill factor, 345
light-emitting diode, 346
maximum voltage (open-circuit voltage, V OC ),
344–345
Sol-gel processing method, 410–411, 410f
Solids, surface energy of, 218–219
Solid supported lipid bilayers, 398–402, 399f–401f
Solution kinetics, 86–92
basic physics, 87–89
kinetics of diffusion control, 89–92
overview, 86–87
Solvatochromism, 173–174
Solvent-assisted lipid bilayer (SALB), 406
Solvent polarity, 174
Spacing, energy, 112
Spatial dimensionality, nanomaterials, 8–9
Spatial quantization, 100–101
Spectrophotometer, UV–vis, 191
Spectroscopic methods
nonlinear, 294–307
examples, 297–298
nonlinear optics, 294–300
overview, 294–300
second-harmonic generation, 300–304, 304f
SFG, 304–307
SHG, 300–304
sum-frequency generation spectroscopy,
304–307, 305f–307f
surface-sensitive, 290–294
ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, 290–292
attenuated total reflection IR spectroscopy,
290–292
RAIRS, 292
reflection absorption IR spectroscopy, 292
SERS, 293–294
surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, 293–294
Spectroscopic methods, bulk characterization, 181–201
absorption of visible light by nanofilm, 192–194
examples, 193–194
interactions between light and matter, 183–188
molecular fluorescence spectroscopy, 194–197
principles, 194–196
setup, 196–197
overview, 181–183
Raman spectroscopy, 203–204
UV–visible spectroscopy, 188–191
principles, 188–191
spectrophotometer, setup, 191
vibrational, 197–201
x-ray, 211–214
absorption, 212
diffraction, 213–214
490 Index