Resonant frequency, QCM, 261–262
Retarder, defined, 276
Reverse Haber reaction, 68
Reversible binding, 81–84
Reversible changes, 20–21
Reversible expansive work, 30–33
Reversible reactions, 70, 71f
Rigid rotator, 125–127
Ring nanoantenna, size of, 120–121
Rings, nanoscale confinement on, 117–121
overview, 117, 118
particle on ring model, 118–121
Rotational constant, 126
Rotational dimensionalities, 1D and 2D, 9
Rotational motion, quantization, 125–127
Rydberg energy, 100
S
SALB, see Solvent-assisted lipid bilayer (SALB)
SAMs, see Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs)
Sauerbrey equation, 261, 262, 265
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 318
defined, 318
NSOM probes, 324–325, 325f
Scanning probe methods, 311–317
AFM, 311, 315–317, 318f
atomic force microscopy, 315–317, 315f, 316f
examples, 313
scanning tunneling microscopy, 311–314, 312f, 314f
STM, 311–314
Scanning transmission electron microscopy
(STEM), 322
Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), 129,
311–314, 312f, 314f
constant-height, 313
current changes in, 313–314, 314f
raster pattern, 313
work function, 312
Scatchard equation, 84–86
Scatchard model, 237
Scattering methods, light, 201–211
absorption and, 201–202
DLS, 207–211
example, 207
by nanoparticles, 204
particle size using scattered light, 204–207
Raman scattering, 202–203, 293–294
Raman spectroscopy, 203–204
Rayleigh scattering, 202–203
Scheimpflug line, 310
Scheimpflug method, 310
Schmidt, Johann Georg, 260
Schrödinger equation, 102–104, 105, 113, 120, 123,
128, 130
Screening
Debye, length, 159–160
dielectric, 145–148
SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate), 219–220, 222, 242f
Second-harmonic generation (SHG), 300–304, 304f
defined, 297
nonlinear spectroscopic method, 300–304
488 Index