defined, 142
ion-induced dipole interaction, 142f
molecular, 186
units, 143t
Polarization, of light, 267
circularly polarized light, 269, 270f
elliptically polarized light, 269–270
linear, 267–268, 268f
plane-polarized light, 268–269, 269f
Polarization axis, of light, 267
Polarization field, defined, 145
Polarized light, electromagnetic theory and,
266–270
Polar molecules
dipole–dipole interactions between, 141
induced dipole and, 142, 144
ion–dipole interactions, 137–138
Poled amorphous films, 411–413
poling, 411–413, 413f
spin-coating, 411, 412
Poling, 411–413, 413f
Polyacetylene, 173
Polycation, 277
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), 416
Polyelectrolytes, 389–396
charge, 395
charge reversal and interpenetration, 392–395
electrostatic self-assembly, 390–392, 391f, 392f, 393f
layer-by-layer (LbL) technique, 392
multilayer formation, 395–396
nanoassemblies, 277
structures, 389f
Polyethylenimine (PEI), 137, 192–193
Polymer cushioned phospholipid bilayers,
402–403, 402f
Poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), 276
Poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV), 195
Potential energy
dispersion interaction, 149
Hamiltonian operator, 102, 105
harmonic oscillator, 124f, 129–130
of interaction, 100, 134, 135, 152–153
interaction between polar molecule,
induced dipole, 144
interaction between proton and electron, 100
of ion–dipole interaction, 138, 139–140
of ion–ion interactions, 135, 136
Lennard-Jones potentials, 152–153
repulsive, 151
wavefunction and, 113f
Potentials
Lennard-Jones, 152, 233–234
total intermolecular, 152–153
π–π stacking interactions, 176–177
Precipitative synthesis, of QDs, 360–361
Pressure–area (π–A) isotherm, 385, 385f
Principles
DPI, 287–289
electromagnetic theory and polarized light,
266–270
ellipsometry, 270–273
484 Index