National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5
National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI), 5, 13
National Science Foundation (NSF), 5
Nature Nanotechnology, 4
N-decanol, 249–250
Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM),
323–329
defined, 323
history and principles, 324
illumination-collection mode, 325, 326f
instrumentation and operating modes, 324–329
modern instrumentation and different operating
modes, 324–329, 325f–328f
overview, 323–324
reflection-collection mode, 325, 326f
reflection mode, 325, 326f
SEM images, 324–325
transmission-collection mode, 325, 326f
transmission mode, 325, 326f
Neutral surfaces in liquid, interactions between,
160–162
Newtonian mechanics, 294
Nitrogenase protein, 335–336, 336f
2-nitrophenyl propoxycarbonyl (NPPOC), 421
Nodal lines, 115, 116f
Nodal planes, 117
Nodes, defined, 108
Noncentrosymmetric environment, 299–300
Noncontact printing, 421–423
Noncooperative binding, 86
Noncovalent interactions, 134
Nondegenerate quantized energy value, 116
Nonlinear optically active (NLO) chromophores,
298–299, 301–304
Nonlinear optics, 294–300
combining photon energies (example), 297–298
Nonlinear spectroscopic methods, 294–307
examples, 297–298
nonlinear optics, 294–300
combining photon energies (example), 297–298
overview, 294–300
second-harmonic generation, 300–304, 304f
SFG, 304–307
SHG, 300–304
sum-frequency generation spectroscopy, 304–307,
305f–307f
Nonradiative relaxation, 188
Normalization constant, 106
Normalization of wavefunction, 101, 106–109
NSOM, see Near-field scanning optical microscopy
(NSOM)
N-type semiconductor, 343–344, 343f
Null mode, imaging ellipsometer, 309
Numerical aperture (NA), 319
O
Observation angle, selection of, 275
Octadecane thiol (ODT) molecules, 231–233, 416, 416f
Octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS), 409–410, 409f
“Off-null” mode analysis, 309
Index 481