growing methods, 373–375
properties, 372–373
structure, 371–372, 371f
charge transfer, 338–348
band theory, 340–344, 341f–342f, 343f
field-effect transistors, 347–348, 348f
Marcus model of, 339–340, 340f
solar cells and light-emitting diodes, 344–347,
345f–347f
excitation transfer, 348–358
excitons, formation and properties of,
353–358
functional dye assemblies, 348–351,
349f–350f
photorelaxation, 351–353
resonant energy transfer, 353
graphene, 376–378, 377f
metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), 378
nanoframeworks, 378–379, 379f
nanoscale machines, 335–338, 336f, 338f
nanowires, 364–370, 365f
electron transport in, 367–368, 368f
quantum effects on conductivity of,
366–367
synthesis, 369, 370f
overview, 335
quantum dots, 358–364, 358f
optical properties, 359–360, 360f
photodynamic therapy, 364, 364f
synthesis, 360–362
in vivo imaging with, 362–364, 362f, 363f
Nanomaterials, temperature and, 21–29
melting temperatures, 22–29
examples, 26–27, 29
gold nanoparticles, 22–24, 23f, 24f
indium nanowires, 28, 28f
N/n ratio for spherical nanoparticle, 26–27
N/n ratios for various nanostructures, 26t
Pb nanoparticles, 27–28, 27f
Sn nanoparticles, 27–28, 27f
relative temperature fluctuation and nanosystems,
22
size effects, 21–22
Nanoneedle, 317
Nanoparticles
de Broglie wavelength of, 98
gold
change in density, 22, 23f
melting temperature, 22–24
molar volume, 19
light scattering by, 204
phase equilibria in, 57–60
silver
applications, 2–3
defined, 2
TEM images, 3f
Nanoscale: Visualizing an Invisible World, 13
Nanoscale hybrid photonics, 428–432
electro-optic effect, 429–430
organic–inorganic hybrid electro-optics,
430–431, 430f, 432f
Index 479