Gecko tape, van der Waals interactions and, 135
Gene expression, DNA microarrays to study, 424
Geometric scattering, defined, 204
Germanium, 292
Gibbs’ adsorption equation, 247–248
Gibbs energy state function, 44–50
direction of spontaneous change, 44–46
equilibrium constant and, relationship,
52–54
melting temperatures from, 59–60
multicomponent systems and chemical potential,
49–50
surface tension and, 47–48
Glass, silanes on, 409–411, 409f–410f
Gold, thiols on, 407–409, 408f
Gold nanoparticles
change in density, 22, 23f
melting temperature, 22–24
molar volume, 19
Gold nanowires, 370f
Graphene, 8, 376–378, 377f
Gravimetric techniques, 259
Ground state, energy, 183, 188
H
Haber–Bosch process, 336
Haber reaction, reverse, 68
Half-life, 73
Hamiltonian operator
constraints of, 104
defined, 102
harmonic oscillator, 130
one-dimensional box, 105, 107
Hard sphere
model, of overlap repulsion, 151, 151f
radius, 150
Harmonic oscillator
implications, 129–130
model, 122–125
Heat
capacity, 36, 38–39
exchange, 36
first law of thermodynamics in terms of, 36–37
Heisenberg uncertainty principle, 98–99
Helium–neon laser, 275, 276
Helmholtz layer, 157–158
a-Hemolysin, 397
Hermite polynomials, 129
Heterogeneous catalysis, 78
Heterogeneous equilibria, 51–52
Hexatriene, 166–167
Highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level,
167, 171, 173, 185, 186f
Hill equation, 84–86
Homogeneous catalysis, 77–78
HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) level,
167, 171, 173, 185, 186f
Hooke’s law, 122, 198
Index 471
Gene expression, DNA microarrays to study, 424
Geometric scattering, defined, 204
Germanium, 292
Gibbs’ adsorption equation, 247–248
Gibbs energy state function, 44–50
direction of spontaneous change, 44–46
equilibrium constant and, relationship,
52–54
melting temperatures from, 59–60
multicomponent systems and chemical potential,
49–50
surface tension and, 47–48
Glass, silanes on, 409–411, 409f–410f
Gold, thiols on, 407–409, 408f
Gold nanoparticles
change in density, 22, 23f
melting temperature, 22–24
molar volume, 19
Gold nanowires, 370f
Graphene, 8, 376–378, 377f
Gravimetric techniques, 259
Ground state, energy, 183, 188
H
Haber–Bosch process, 336
Haber reaction, reverse, 68
Half-life, 73
Hamiltonian operator
constraints of, 104
defined, 102
harmonic oscillator, 130
one-dimensional box, 105, 107
Hard sphere
model, of overlap repulsion, 151, 151f
radius, 150
Harmonic oscillator
implications, 129–130
model, 122–125
Heat
capacity, 36, 38–39
exchange, 36
first law of thermodynamics in terms of, 36–37
Heisenberg uncertainty principle, 98–99
Helium–neon laser, 275, 276
Helmholtz layer, 157–158
a-Hemolysin, 397
Hermite polynomials, 129
Heterogeneous catalysis, 78
Heterogeneous equilibria, 51–52
Hexatriene, 166–167
Highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level,
167, 171, 173, 185, 186f
Hill equation, 84–86
Homogeneous catalysis, 77–78
HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) level,
167, 171, 173, 185, 186f
Hooke’s law, 122, 198
Index 471