Fluorescence resonant energy transfer (FRET),
213, 404–405, 404f–405f
Fluorescence spectroscopy, molecular, 194–197
principles, 194–196
setup, 196–197
Fluorometer, for bulk phase, 196–197
Fluorophores, defined, 194
Flux, defined, 87
Focusing, image, 310
Force constant, 122, 198
Forces
intermolecular, 133–156
aggregation and, 162–164
Coulombic energy, 135–137
dielectric screening, 145–148
dipole–dipole interactions, 140–141
dispersion forces, 148–149
examples, 136, 143–144
hydrogen bonds, 154, 155f
hydrophobic effect, 154, 155–156
induced dipoles, 142–144
ion–dipole interactions, 137–140
ion–ion interactions, 135–137
overlap repulsion, 149–152
overview, 133–135
total intermolecular potentials, 152–153
surface, electrostatic, 156–162
Debye length, 159–160
electrical double layer, 157–159
interactions between charged surfaces in liquid,
160–162
overview, 156
Formation data, uses of, 46
Förster transfer, 353
“Fountain-pen” methods, 419
Fourier transform infrared Attenuated total reflection IR
(ATR FTIR), 280, 290–292
Fractal solids
benefit, 229
formation, 228
FRAP, see Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching
(FRAP)
Free energy of adsorbed monolayers, surface, 219–223
Freely moving electrons, on nanowire, 111–112
Frenkel excitons, 355
Fresnel reflection coefficient, 271
FRET, see Fluorescence resonant energy transfer (FRET)
Freundlich isotherm, 241
Frictional coefficient, 87–88
Functional dye assemblies, 348–351, 349f–350f
Functionalization, surface, 231
Functional nanoassemblies, 335–336
Functional nanomaterials, see Nanomaterials,
functional
Fundamental vibration frequency, 123
G
Gas-phase synthesis, of QDs, 361
Gauche defect, 306
470 Index
213, 404–405, 404f–405f
Fluorescence spectroscopy, molecular, 194–197
principles, 194–196
setup, 196–197
Fluorometer, for bulk phase, 196–197
Fluorophores, defined, 194
Flux, defined, 87
Focusing, image, 310
Force constant, 122, 198
Forces
intermolecular, 133–156
aggregation and, 162–164
Coulombic energy, 135–137
dielectric screening, 145–148
dipole–dipole interactions, 140–141
dispersion forces, 148–149
examples, 136, 143–144
hydrogen bonds, 154, 155f
hydrophobic effect, 154, 155–156
induced dipoles, 142–144
ion–dipole interactions, 137–140
ion–ion interactions, 135–137
overlap repulsion, 149–152
overview, 133–135
total intermolecular potentials, 152–153
surface, electrostatic, 156–162
Debye length, 159–160
electrical double layer, 157–159
interactions between charged surfaces in liquid,
160–162
overview, 156
Formation data, uses of, 46
Förster transfer, 353
“Fountain-pen” methods, 419
Fourier transform infrared Attenuated total reflection IR
(ATR FTIR), 280, 290–292
Fractal solids
benefit, 229
formation, 228
FRAP, see Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching
(FRAP)
Free energy of adsorbed monolayers, surface, 219–223
Freely moving electrons, on nanowire, 111–112
Frenkel excitons, 355
Fresnel reflection coefficient, 271
FRET, see Fluorescence resonant energy transfer (FRET)
Freundlich isotherm, 241
Frictional coefficient, 87–88
Functional dye assemblies, 348–351, 349f–350f
Functionalization, surface, 231
Functional nanoassemblies, 335–336
Functional nanomaterials, see Nanomaterials,
functional
Fundamental vibration frequency, 123
G
Gas-phase synthesis, of QDs, 361
Gauche defect, 306
470 Index