spectroscopic methods, 181–201
absorption of visible light by nanofilm,
192–194
examples, 193–194
interactions between light and matter, 183–188
molecular fluorescence spectroscopy, 194–197
overview, 181–183
UV–visible spectroscopy, 188–191
vibrational, 197–201
x-ray spectroscopy, 211–214
absorption, 212
diffraction, 213–214
fluorescence, 212–213
overview, 211–212
Bulk materials, phase equilibria in, 55–57
Butadiene, 171, 172f, 185–186, 186f
C
C12A7, 379, 379f
Capacity, heat, 36, 38–39
Capillary tube, 255, 256f
Carbon nanotubes, 8, 370–376
catalyst-induced growth mechanism, 375–376,
375f
growing methods, 373–375
arc discharge method, 373–374
chemical vapor deposition, 374–375
laser ablation, 374
properties, 372–373
structure, 371–372, 371f
Cassie–Baxter wetting, 226–227, 229
Catalysis, 77–79
Catalyst-induced growth mechanism, carbon
nanotubes, 375–376, 375f
Centrosymmetric environment, 299–300, 306
Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), 246, 248
CFM, see Chemical force microscopy (CFM)
C 60 fullerene, 6
Characterization
bulk properties, see Bulk characterization
techniques
surface, see Surface characterization and imaging
methods
Charge-coupled device (CCD) camera, 308–309, 310
Charged surfaces in liquid, interactions between,
160–162
Charge overcompensation/reversal, polyelectrolytes,
392–396
Charge transfer, functional nanomaterials, 338–348
band theory, 340–344, 341f–342f, 343f
described, 338–339
field-effect transistors, 347–348, 348f
Marcus model of, 339–340, 340f
solar cells and light-emitting diodes, 344–347,
345f–347f
Charge-transfer mechanism, 293–294
Chemical enhancement theory, SERS, 293
Chemical equilibrium, defined, 21
Chemical force microscopy (CFM), 316–317
Chemical kinetics, defined, 63
Chemical potential, in thermodynamics,
49–50, 57
462 Index
absorption of visible light by nanofilm,
192–194
examples, 193–194
interactions between light and matter, 183–188
molecular fluorescence spectroscopy, 194–197
overview, 181–183
UV–visible spectroscopy, 188–191
vibrational, 197–201
x-ray spectroscopy, 211–214
absorption, 212
diffraction, 213–214
fluorescence, 212–213
overview, 211–212
Bulk materials, phase equilibria in, 55–57
Butadiene, 171, 172f, 185–186, 186f
C
C12A7, 379, 379f
Capacity, heat, 36, 38–39
Capillary tube, 255, 256f
Carbon nanotubes, 8, 370–376
catalyst-induced growth mechanism, 375–376,
375f
growing methods, 373–375
arc discharge method, 373–374
chemical vapor deposition, 374–375
laser ablation, 374
properties, 372–373
structure, 371–372, 371f
Cassie–Baxter wetting, 226–227, 229
Catalysis, 77–79
Catalyst-induced growth mechanism, carbon
nanotubes, 375–376, 375f
Centrosymmetric environment, 299–300, 306
Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), 246, 248
CFM, see Chemical force microscopy (CFM)
C 60 fullerene, 6
Characterization
bulk properties, see Bulk characterization
techniques
surface, see Surface characterization and imaging
methods
Charge-coupled device (CCD) camera, 308–309, 310
Charged surfaces in liquid, interactions between,
160–162
Charge overcompensation/reversal, polyelectrolytes,
392–396
Charge transfer, functional nanomaterials, 338–348
band theory, 340–344, 341f–342f, 343f
described, 338–339
field-effect transistors, 347–348, 348f
Marcus model of, 339–340, 340f
solar cells and light-emitting diodes, 344–347,
345f–347f
Charge-transfer mechanism, 293–294
Chemical enhancement theory, SERS, 293
Chemical equilibrium, defined, 21
Chemical force microscopy (CFM), 316–317
Chemical kinetics, defined, 63
Chemical potential, in thermodynamics,
49–50, 57
462 Index