Chapter 9
Introduction to Functional
Nanomaterials
335
9.1 NANOSCALE MACHINES
335
9.2 CHARGE TRANSFER
338
9.2.1 The Marcus model of charge
transfer
339
9.2.2 Band theory
340
9.2.3 Solar cells and light-emitting
diodes
344
9.2.4 Field-effect transistors
347
9.3 EXCITATION TRANSFER
348
9.3.1 Functional dye assemblies
348
9.3.2 Photorelaxation
351
9.3.3 Resonant energy transfer
353
9.3.4 Formation and properties
of excitons
353
9.4 QUANTUM DOTS
358
9.4.1 Optical properties of quantum
dots
359
9.4.2 Synthesis of quantum dots
360
9.4.3 In vivo imaging with quantum
dots
362
9.4.4 Photodynamic therapy
364
9.5 NANOWIRES
364
9.5.1 Quantum effects on conductivity
of nanowires
366
9.5.2 Electron transport in nanowires 367
9.5.3 Nanowire synthesis
369
9.5.4 Summary
369
9.6 CARBON NANOTUBES
370
9.6.1 Carbon nanotube structure
371
9.6.2 Some properties of nanotubes 372
9.6.3 Methods for growing nanotubes 373
9.6.4 Catalyst-induced growth
mechanism
375
9.7 GRAPHENE
376
9.8 NANOFRAMEWORKS
378
END OF CHAPTER QUESTIONS
379
CITED REFERENCES
380
REFERENCES AND RECOMMENDED READING 382
Chapter 10
Fabrication, Properties, and
Applications of Thin Films
383
10.1 LANGMUIR–BLODGETT FILMS
383
10.1.1 Langmuir films
384
10.1.2 Langmuir–Blodgett films
386
10.2 POLYELECTROLYTES
389
10.2.1 Electrostatic self-assembly
390
10.2.2 Charge reversal and
interpenetration
392
10.2.3 Multilayer formation
395
10.3 MODEL PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER
FORMATION AND CHARACTERIZATION 396
10.3.1 Black lipid membranes
397
10.3.2 Solid supported lipid bilayers 398
10.3.3 Polymer cushioned
phospholipid bilayers
402
10.3.4 Fluorescence recovery after
photobleaching
403
10.3.5 Fluorescence resonant energy
transfer
404
10.3.6 Fluorescence interference
contrast microscopy
405
10.3.7 Solvent assisted lipid bilayer
formation
406
10.4 SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS
407
10.4.1 Thiols on gold
407
10.4.2 Silanes on glass
409
Detailed Contents
xiii
Introduction to Functional
Nanomaterials
335
9.1 NANOSCALE MACHINES
335
9.2 CHARGE TRANSFER
338
9.2.1 The Marcus model of charge
transfer
339
9.2.2 Band theory
340
9.2.3 Solar cells and light-emitting
diodes
344
9.2.4 Field-effect transistors
347
9.3 EXCITATION TRANSFER
348
9.3.1 Functional dye assemblies
348
9.3.2 Photorelaxation
351
9.3.3 Resonant energy transfer
353
9.3.4 Formation and properties
of excitons
353
9.4 QUANTUM DOTS
358
9.4.1 Optical properties of quantum
dots
359
9.4.2 Synthesis of quantum dots
360
9.4.3 In vivo imaging with quantum
dots
362
9.4.4 Photodynamic therapy
364
9.5 NANOWIRES
364
9.5.1 Quantum effects on conductivity
of nanowires
366
9.5.2 Electron transport in nanowires 367
9.5.3 Nanowire synthesis
369
9.5.4 Summary
369
9.6 CARBON NANOTUBES
370
9.6.1 Carbon nanotube structure
371
9.6.2 Some properties of nanotubes 372
9.6.3 Methods for growing nanotubes 373
9.6.4 Catalyst-induced growth
mechanism
375
9.7 GRAPHENE
376
9.8 NANOFRAMEWORKS
378
END OF CHAPTER QUESTIONS
379
CITED REFERENCES
380
REFERENCES AND RECOMMENDED READING 382
Chapter 10
Fabrication, Properties, and
Applications of Thin Films
383
10.1 LANGMUIR–BLODGETT FILMS
383
10.1.1 Langmuir films
384
10.1.2 Langmuir–Blodgett films
386
10.2 POLYELECTROLYTES
389
10.2.1 Electrostatic self-assembly
390
10.2.2 Charge reversal and
interpenetration
392
10.2.3 Multilayer formation
395
10.3 MODEL PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER
FORMATION AND CHARACTERIZATION 396
10.3.1 Black lipid membranes
397
10.3.2 Solid supported lipid bilayers 398
10.3.3 Polymer cushioned
phospholipid bilayers
402
10.3.4 Fluorescence recovery after
photobleaching
403
10.3.5 Fluorescence resonant energy
transfer
404
10.3.6 Fluorescence interference
contrast microscopy
405
10.3.7 Solvent assisted lipid bilayer
formation
406
10.4 SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS
407
10.4.1 Thiols on gold
407
10.4.2 Silanes on glass
409
Detailed Contents
xiii