9 GOVERNANCE AMID THE TRANSITION TO RENEWABLE …
261
50. Simone Tagliapietra, (2019), “The Impact of the Global Energy Transition on MENA Oil and Gas Producers,” Energy Strategy Reviews
26(100397): 1–6.
51. Youth Employment in the Middle East and North Africa: Revisiting and
Reframing the Challenge, Brookings Doha Center, February 2019.
52. “Youth Unemployment: The Middle East’s Ticking Time Bomb,”
Stratfor, 28 February 2018.
53. Andrew England, (2018), “Middle East Jobs Crisis Risks Fueling Unrest,
IMF Warns,” The Financial Times, 12 July 2018.
54. Ibid.
55. Michael Ross, (2008), “Oil, Islam, and Women,” American Political
Science Review 102(1): 107–123.
56. International Labor Organization, (2016), World Employment and Social
Outlook: Trends for Women 2017 .
57. IRENA, (2019), Renewable Energy and Jobs Annual Review.
58. Sharan Burrow, (2015), “How Will Climate Change Affect Jobs?” World
Economic Forum.
59. Graham A. Davis, (1995), “Learning to Love the Dutch Disease: Evidence
from the Mineral Economies,” World Development 23(10): 1765–1779.
60. It is interesting to note that Kuwait has struggled with new oil-sector
developments as well, pointing to a larger potential problem of state
capacity and management of the energy industry.
61. For a more complete assessment of the impact of political instability on
the energy transition in Egypt and Turkey, see Hochberg (2021) and
Bayulgen (2021), respectively, in this volume.
62. On current instability in Algeria, see Geoff Porter, (2019), Political Instability in Algeria, Council on Foreign Relations Contingency Planning
Memorandum No. 35. For renewables and political uncertainty in Iran,
see Mohammad Hazrati and Zeynab Malakoutikhah, (2019), “An Unclear
Future for Iranian Energy Transition in Light of the Re-imposition of
Sanctions,” Oil, Gas and Energy Law 17(1). Note that the shortened
government time horizons in these cases also affect state investment
in oil and gas exploration, which similarly yields long-term rather than
short-term rewards.
63. Alan David Lee and Zainab Usman, (2018), “Taking Stock of the Political Economy of Power Sector Reforms in Developing Countries,” World
Bank Policy Research Working Paper 8518.
64. Zainab Usman and Tayeb Amegroud, (2019), “Lessons from Power
Sector Reforms: The Case of Morocco,” World Bank Policy Research
Working Paper 8969.
65. Tagliapietra (2019).
66. OBG, (2018), The Report: Kuwait 2019 (London, UK and Dubai, UAE:
Oxford Business Group).
261
50. Simone Tagliapietra, (2019), “The Impact of the Global Energy Transition on MENA Oil and Gas Producers,” Energy Strategy Reviews
26(100397): 1–6.
51. Youth Employment in the Middle East and North Africa: Revisiting and
Reframing the Challenge, Brookings Doha Center, February 2019.
52. “Youth Unemployment: The Middle East’s Ticking Time Bomb,”
Stratfor, 28 February 2018.
53. Andrew England, (2018), “Middle East Jobs Crisis Risks Fueling Unrest,
IMF Warns,” The Financial Times, 12 July 2018.
54. Ibid.
55. Michael Ross, (2008), “Oil, Islam, and Women,” American Political
Science Review 102(1): 107–123.
56. International Labor Organization, (2016), World Employment and Social
Outlook: Trends for Women 2017 .
57. IRENA, (2019), Renewable Energy and Jobs Annual Review.
58. Sharan Burrow, (2015), “How Will Climate Change Affect Jobs?” World
Economic Forum.
59. Graham A. Davis, (1995), “Learning to Love the Dutch Disease: Evidence
from the Mineral Economies,” World Development 23(10): 1765–1779.
60. It is interesting to note that Kuwait has struggled with new oil-sector
developments as well, pointing to a larger potential problem of state
capacity and management of the energy industry.
61. For a more complete assessment of the impact of political instability on
the energy transition in Egypt and Turkey, see Hochberg (2021) and
Bayulgen (2021), respectively, in this volume.
62. On current instability in Algeria, see Geoff Porter, (2019), Political Instability in Algeria, Council on Foreign Relations Contingency Planning
Memorandum No. 35. For renewables and political uncertainty in Iran,
see Mohammad Hazrati and Zeynab Malakoutikhah, (2019), “An Unclear
Future for Iranian Energy Transition in Light of the Re-imposition of
Sanctions,” Oil, Gas and Energy Law 17(1). Note that the shortened
government time horizons in these cases also affect state investment
in oil and gas exploration, which similarly yields long-term rather than
short-term rewards.
63. Alan David Lee and Zainab Usman, (2018), “Taking Stock of the Political Economy of Power Sector Reforms in Developing Countries,” World
Bank Policy Research Working Paper 8518.
64. Zainab Usman and Tayeb Amegroud, (2019), “Lessons from Power
Sector Reforms: The Case of Morocco,” World Bank Policy Research
Working Paper 8969.
65. Tagliapietra (2019).
66. OBG, (2018), The Report: Kuwait 2019 (London, UK and Dubai, UAE:
Oxford Business Group).