262 P. MAHDAVI AND N. UDDIN
67. Valerie Marcel, (2019), “National Oil Companies of the Future,” Annales
des Mines - Responsabilité et environnement 95: 133–136.
68. IRENA, Renewable Energy Market Analysis: GCC 2019. See p. 53.
69. This is a particularly natural fit since the steam from the plant will primarily
be used for enhanced oil recovery (EOR), potentially displacing up to 80%
of the natural gas currently used for EOR at the heavy Amal oil field. See
Steven Moss, “Solar Energy Isn’t Just for Electricity,” Scientific American,
19 April 2019.
70. Nicholas Newman, “The Plastics Backlash Has Some Oil Giants Worried,”
Rigzone, 4 July 2019. See also Christof Ruhl, “The War on Plastic
Will Dent Oil Demand More Than Anticipated,” Financial Times, 17
February 2019.
71. Ruhl (2019). Note that this is based on forecasts of future oil use;
petrochemicals currently make up only 10% of demand.
67. Valerie Marcel, (2019), “National Oil Companies of the Future,” Annales
des Mines - Responsabilité et environnement 95: 133–136.
68. IRENA, Renewable Energy Market Analysis: GCC 2019. See p. 53.
69. This is a particularly natural fit since the steam from the plant will primarily
be used for enhanced oil recovery (EOR), potentially displacing up to 80%
of the natural gas currently used for EOR at the heavy Amal oil field. See
Steven Moss, “Solar Energy Isn’t Just for Electricity,” Scientific American,
19 April 2019.
70. Nicholas Newman, “The Plastics Backlash Has Some Oil Giants Worried,”
Rigzone, 4 July 2019. See also Christof Ruhl, “The War on Plastic
Will Dent Oil Demand More Than Anticipated,” Financial Times, 17
February 2019.
71. Ruhl (2019). Note that this is based on forecasts of future oil use;
petrochemicals currently make up only 10% of demand.