4 Nuclear Energy & Energy Transitions …
127
of terrorism and punishment of the perpetrators
58 ; and the suppression
of the financing of terrorist activities.
59
4.4 The Development and Regulation
of Nuclear Energy in Sub-Saharan
Africa: Lessons from the EU and France
As SSA looks at developing nuclear energy power, there are vital lessons
to learn from some regions and countries which have established strong
nuclear sectors, more so through reliable and effective regulation. This
chapter draws lessons from the EU nuclear experience, particularly
France and South Africa as the leading nuclear user in SSA.
4.4.1 Nuclear Energy in the European Union
France is one of the few countries in the world which has posited nuclear
success stories over the years. France is a member of the European
Union (EU) and abides by its regulations and guidelines. The EU has
got a total of 27 countries. Currently, several EU countries like Spain,
France, Germany, Luxembourg, Romania, Belgium, Hungary, Slovakia,
Finland, Sweden are operating or constructing nuclear power installations. The EU has got directives and measures in place to guide the
nuclear industry, and these include the 2012 Energy Efficiency Directive and the 2015 Framework Strategy for a Resilient Energy Union.
Further, the EU’s nuclear energy mainly governed by the European
Material in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle,’ 2012, Nuclear Fuel Cycle Science and Engineering, Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy 2012, pp. 558–598, https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857096388.
4.558.
58 International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings (Terrorist Bombings
Convention), 1997.
59 International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism (Terrorist
Financing Convention), 1999; see also the International Convention for the Suppression of
Acts of Nuclear Terrorism (ICSANT or Nuclear Terrorism Convention), 2005; the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), 1996, Art. 1 (Not yet in force); and the Treaty on
the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW or Nuclear Weapon Ban Treaty), 2017 (Not in
force).
127
of terrorism and punishment of the perpetrators
58 ; and the suppression
of the financing of terrorist activities.
59
4.4 The Development and Regulation
of Nuclear Energy in Sub-Saharan
Africa: Lessons from the EU and France
As SSA looks at developing nuclear energy power, there are vital lessons
to learn from some regions and countries which have established strong
nuclear sectors, more so through reliable and effective regulation. This
chapter draws lessons from the EU nuclear experience, particularly
France and South Africa as the leading nuclear user in SSA.
4.4.1 Nuclear Energy in the European Union
France is one of the few countries in the world which has posited nuclear
success stories over the years. France is a member of the European
Union (EU) and abides by its regulations and guidelines. The EU has
got a total of 27 countries. Currently, several EU countries like Spain,
France, Germany, Luxembourg, Romania, Belgium, Hungary, Slovakia,
Finland, Sweden are operating or constructing nuclear power installations. The EU has got directives and measures in place to guide the
nuclear industry, and these include the 2012 Energy Efficiency Directive and the 2015 Framework Strategy for a Resilient Energy Union.
Further, the EU’s nuclear energy mainly governed by the European
Material in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle,’ 2012, Nuclear Fuel Cycle Science and Engineering, Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy 2012, pp. 558–598, https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857096388.
4.558.
58 International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings (Terrorist Bombings
Convention), 1997.
59 International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism (Terrorist
Financing Convention), 1999; see also the International Convention for the Suppression of
Acts of Nuclear Terrorism (ICSANT or Nuclear Terrorism Convention), 2005; the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), 1996, Art. 1 (Not yet in force); and the Treaty on
the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW or Nuclear Weapon Ban Treaty), 2017 (Not in
force).