126
S. Nakanwagi
Management and the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management (Joint
Convention)
53 aims to achieve and maintain, among others a high level
of safety in spent fuel and radioactive waste management.
4.3.4 Non-proliferation and Nuclear Security
The devastating effects of the use of nuclear weapons such as the
USA’s atomic bombing of Hiroshima-Japan at the end of World War
II on August 6, 1945, awakened the world to the need for nonproliferation and nuclear security safeguards.
54 Scholars have concluded
that the nuclear threat is real as long as there still exists stockpiles of
atomic weapons, and the only solution lies in the establishment of strict
international control of all fissile materials.
55 The Treaty on the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons of 1968 aims at preventing the spread
of nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices or control over
such weapons or explosive devices and weapons’ technology as well as
the promotion of peaceful uses of nuclear energy.
56 Other treaties relate
to the physical protection of nuclear materials and nuclear facilities used
for peaceful purposes
57 ; the suppression of terrorist bombings and acts
53 Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive
Waste Management (Joint Convention), 1997, https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/infcirc546.
pdf.
54 See Eiichiro Ochiai, ‘Devastation Caused by the Atomic Bombs: Hiroshima and
Nagasaki,’ in Hiroshima to Fukushima, August 2014, Chap. 5, https://doi.org/10.1007/
978-3-642-38727-2_5 See also Aljazera News- Japan, Hiroshima Atomic Bomb: The Us
Nuclear Attack That Changed History…As Japan Marks the 74th Anniversary of the
World’s First Nuclear Bomb Attack, We Examine The Events That Shaped History, January
6, 2019, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/08/hiroshima-atomic-bomb-nuclear-attack-cha
nged-history-190806100602771.html (accessed on 25/04/2020).
55 See Ira Helfand, Lachlan Forrow and Jaya Tiwari, ‘Nuclear Terrorism,’ BMJ . 2002 February
9; 324(7333): 356–359, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.324.7333.356.
56 The Treaty on the Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (Non-Proliferation Treaty),
1968, https://www.un.org/disarmament/wmd/nuclear/npt/text. See also Laura Rockwood, ‘The
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty: A Permanent Commitment to Disarmament and NonProliferation,’ Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 56 (1995)at pp. 9–18 at 9.
57 See Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (CPPNM) of 1979, https://
www.oecd-nea.org/law/multilateral-agreements/convention-protection-material.html; See also the
Amendment to the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (Amendment
to the CPPNM), 2005, https://www.oecd-nea.org/law/multilateral-agreements/amendment-con
vention-protection-material.html. See also RB Pope, ‘Packaging and Transport of Radioactive
S. Nakanwagi
Management and the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management (Joint
Convention)
53 aims to achieve and maintain, among others a high level
of safety in spent fuel and radioactive waste management.
4.3.4 Non-proliferation and Nuclear Security
The devastating effects of the use of nuclear weapons such as the
USA’s atomic bombing of Hiroshima-Japan at the end of World War
II on August 6, 1945, awakened the world to the need for nonproliferation and nuclear security safeguards.
54 Scholars have concluded
that the nuclear threat is real as long as there still exists stockpiles of
atomic weapons, and the only solution lies in the establishment of strict
international control of all fissile materials.
55 The Treaty on the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons of 1968 aims at preventing the spread
of nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices or control over
such weapons or explosive devices and weapons’ technology as well as
the promotion of peaceful uses of nuclear energy.
56 Other treaties relate
to the physical protection of nuclear materials and nuclear facilities used
for peaceful purposes
57 ; the suppression of terrorist bombings and acts
53 Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive
Waste Management (Joint Convention), 1997, https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/infcirc546.
pdf.
54 See Eiichiro Ochiai, ‘Devastation Caused by the Atomic Bombs: Hiroshima and
Nagasaki,’ in Hiroshima to Fukushima, August 2014, Chap. 5, https://doi.org/10.1007/
978-3-642-38727-2_5 See also Aljazera News- Japan, Hiroshima Atomic Bomb: The Us
Nuclear Attack That Changed History…As Japan Marks the 74th Anniversary of the
World’s First Nuclear Bomb Attack, We Examine The Events That Shaped History, January
6, 2019, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/08/hiroshima-atomic-bomb-nuclear-attack-cha
nged-history-190806100602771.html (accessed on 25/04/2020).
55 See Ira Helfand, Lachlan Forrow and Jaya Tiwari, ‘Nuclear Terrorism,’ BMJ . 2002 February
9; 324(7333): 356–359, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.324.7333.356.
56 The Treaty on the Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (Non-Proliferation Treaty),
1968, https://www.un.org/disarmament/wmd/nuclear/npt/text. See also Laura Rockwood, ‘The
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty: A Permanent Commitment to Disarmament and NonProliferation,’ Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 56 (1995)at pp. 9–18 at 9.
57 See Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (CPPNM) of 1979, https://
www.oecd-nea.org/law/multilateral-agreements/convention-protection-material.html; See also the
Amendment to the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (Amendment
to the CPPNM), 2005, https://www.oecd-nea.org/law/multilateral-agreements/amendment-con
vention-protection-material.html. See also RB Pope, ‘Packaging and Transport of Radioactive