128
S. Nakanwagi
Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) Treaty. These provide for
safeguards, for example, on nuclear safety, cooperation in nuclear-related
activities, environmental protection, and decommissioning.
France’s nuclear energy accounts for approximately 75% of the total
electricity in the country, with the country being the most extensive
global net electricity exporter as a result of the low cost of generation,
realizing over 3 billion Euros yearly. France invested heavily in nuclear
waste management and what does stand out is the nation’s remarkable ability to recycle nuclear fuel, and this accounts for about 17% of
France’s electricity.
60
One of the reasons why France has managed to maintain a vigorous
nuclear power industry and from which SSA could learn is its focus
on the regulation of the environmental impacts of nuclear activities.
61
There are two categories of control, and these include radioactive waste
management and decommissioning. This regulation extends to nuclear
power plants, National Defence activities, nuclear fuel cycle facilities, research centres, medical activities and industrial activities. On
the national arena, there were two chief Acts passed in 2006 to deal
with waste management: the ‘Transparency and Security in the nuclear
field Act’
62 ; and the Planning Act on the sustainable management of
radioactive materials and waste.
63
In addition to the EUROTAM Treaty, France is also a signatory
to several international instruments on the regulation of the use of
nuclear energy. The country signed and ratified the Joint Convention
on the safety of spent fuel management and the safety of radioactive
waste management, in 1997 and 2000, respectively. Other agreements
60 World Nuclear Association, ‘Nuclear Power in France,’ https://www.world-nuclear.org/inform
ation-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/france.aspx (Accessed on 3/3/2020).
61 See Andra—SN—CEA—IRSN, Radioactive Waste Management and Decommissioning in
France, March 2013, https://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/profiles/france_report.pdf (accessed on
7/4/2020).
62 Transparency and Security in the nuclear field Act (June 13, 2006). The Act is available
in English at, http://www.frenchnuclear-safety.fr/index.php/English-version/Asn-s-publications
(accessed on 7/4/2020).
63 Planning Act on the sustainable management of radioactive materials and waste (June 28,
2006). Act is available in English at, http://www.andra.fr/index.php?id=edition_1_5_2&recher
che_thematique=all&global_id_item=387 (accessed on 7/4/2020).
S. Nakanwagi
Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) Treaty. These provide for
safeguards, for example, on nuclear safety, cooperation in nuclear-related
activities, environmental protection, and decommissioning.
France’s nuclear energy accounts for approximately 75% of the total
electricity in the country, with the country being the most extensive
global net electricity exporter as a result of the low cost of generation,
realizing over 3 billion Euros yearly. France invested heavily in nuclear
waste management and what does stand out is the nation’s remarkable ability to recycle nuclear fuel, and this accounts for about 17% of
France’s electricity.
60
One of the reasons why France has managed to maintain a vigorous
nuclear power industry and from which SSA could learn is its focus
on the regulation of the environmental impacts of nuclear activities.
61
There are two categories of control, and these include radioactive waste
management and decommissioning. This regulation extends to nuclear
power plants, National Defence activities, nuclear fuel cycle facilities, research centres, medical activities and industrial activities. On
the national arena, there were two chief Acts passed in 2006 to deal
with waste management: the ‘Transparency and Security in the nuclear
field Act’
62 ; and the Planning Act on the sustainable management of
radioactive materials and waste.
63
In addition to the EUROTAM Treaty, France is also a signatory
to several international instruments on the regulation of the use of
nuclear energy. The country signed and ratified the Joint Convention
on the safety of spent fuel management and the safety of radioactive
waste management, in 1997 and 2000, respectively. Other agreements
60 World Nuclear Association, ‘Nuclear Power in France,’ https://www.world-nuclear.org/inform
ation-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/france.aspx (Accessed on 3/3/2020).
61 See Andra—SN—CEA—IRSN, Radioactive Waste Management and Decommissioning in
France, March 2013, https://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/profiles/france_report.pdf (accessed on
7/4/2020).
62 Transparency and Security in the nuclear field Act (June 13, 2006). The Act is available
in English at, http://www.frenchnuclear-safety.fr/index.php/English-version/Asn-s-publications
(accessed on 7/4/2020).
63 Planning Act on the sustainable management of radioactive materials and waste (June 28,
2006). Act is available in English at, http://www.andra.fr/index.php?id=edition_1_5_2&recher
che_thematique=all&global_id_item=387 (accessed on 7/4/2020).