Fig. 4 Detailed view of the extrusion head and the needle/nozzle of the three devices of choice. (a) SysEng
BioScaffolder and DL Technology G22 encapsulation needle, (b) EnvisionTEC Bioplotter and stainless steel
Luer Lock G21 hypodermic needle, (c) Hyrel 3D and 500 μm nozzle
Table 1
List of the printing parameters used for each technique. Parameters not part of the technique or that
could not be programmed are classified as non-applicable (N.A.)
Parameter
FDM
3DF
Bioextrusion
Needle ID (μm)
500
514
413
Temperature (
C)
165
195
195
N 2 Pressure (bar)
N.A.
5.5
4.2
Deposition speed (mm/min)
900
1000
600
Strand distance (mm)
N.A.
1.75
1.5
Infill (%)
60
N.A.
N.A.
RPM
N.A.
N.A.
60
Rollers speed (RPM)
400
N.A.
N.A.
AM of Thermoplastics for Tissue Engineering
83
BioScaffolder and DL Technology G22 encapsulation needle, (b) EnvisionTEC Bioplotter and stainless steel
Luer Lock G21 hypodermic needle, (c) Hyrel 3D and 500 μm nozzle
Table 1
List of the printing parameters used for each technique. Parameters not part of the technique or that
could not be programmed are classified as non-applicable (N.A.)
Parameter
FDM
3DF
Bioextrusion
Needle ID (μm)
500
514
413
Temperature (
C)
165
195
195
N 2 Pressure (bar)
N.A.
5.5
4.2
Deposition speed (mm/min)
900
1000
600
Strand distance (mm)
N.A.
1.75
1.5
Infill (%)
60
N.A.
N.A.
RPM
N.A.
N.A.
60
Rollers speed (RPM)
400
N.A.
N.A.
AM of Thermoplastics for Tissue Engineering
83