650
M. C. Bouleklab et al.
Fig. 8 Line scan and Cu
composition profile for
FL-4800 with 2% Cu and
0.8% graphite [25]
along grain boundaries. The carbon content clearly affects the Cu distribution in the
samples. No difference in C content was found along with the same line scans.
The wide study of the dimensional change characteristics of PM steels was
performed for the Fe–Cu composites containing various carbon forms [27]. Briefly,
the authors concluded that the dimensional change is generally not determined by the
effects of the processes that occurred at the sintering temperature. Instead, dilatometry showed that the largest contributions are typically due to the combined effects of
various lower temperature processes. Given the emphasis on time and temperature in
discussions of sintering, it is perhaps natural to conclude that the dimensional change
during the process is mainly, if not entirely, a consequence of the processes that occur
at the sintering temperature. In fact, numerous dilatometric studies have shown that
while sintering conditions are important, they generally account for less than half
and frequently less than a third of the dimensional change that was observed in the
most common P/M compositions. Indeed, the balance of the dimensional change and
often the greatest part of it are determined by various processes and effects that occur
during the heating and cooling stages of the process. These include the behavior of
M. C. Bouleklab et al.
Fig. 8 Line scan and Cu
composition profile for
FL-4800 with 2% Cu and
0.8% graphite [25]
along grain boundaries. The carbon content clearly affects the Cu distribution in the
samples. No difference in C content was found along with the same line scans.
The wide study of the dimensional change characteristics of PM steels was
performed for the Fe–Cu composites containing various carbon forms [27]. Briefly,
the authors concluded that the dimensional change is generally not determined by the
effects of the processes that occurred at the sintering temperature. Instead, dilatometry showed that the largest contributions are typically due to the combined effects of
various lower temperature processes. Given the emphasis on time and temperature in
discussions of sintering, it is perhaps natural to conclude that the dimensional change
during the process is mainly, if not entirely, a consequence of the processes that occur
at the sintering temperature. In fact, numerous dilatometric studies have shown that
while sintering conditions are important, they generally account for less than half
and frequently less than a third of the dimensional change that was observed in the
most common P/M compositions. Indeed, the balance of the dimensional change and
often the greatest part of it are determined by various processes and effects that occur
during the heating and cooling stages of the process. These include the behavior of