386
A. V. Panko et al.
jaspilite (iron quartzites) was formed 2 billion years ago with an aid of cyanobacteria
[12]. It is also known that silicate bacteria help leaching of metals from ores [13].
That testifies about the potential of biocolloidal microbiological hydrometallurgy
[14]. In works [15, 16], it is shown that while the process of using of microbiological
association of T. Ferrooxidans M1 bacteria (mixture of bacteria of T. Thiooxidans,
Leptospirillum sp. with dominating content of T. Ferrooxidans), while oxidation,
the dispersion of iron-aluminosilicate ore occurred. But the mechanisms of such
processes from the point of view of colloidal, biocolloidal, and nanolevel were not
considered.
A proposition was made that in deposit formation of metals, the microorganisms
could have a certain part. There were grown specific cenosises of microorganisms
and algae inhabiting the Sea of Okhotsk for two months in lab conditions on nutrient
medium with gold in solution and in suspended (colloid) state. Spectral analysis
showed that cenosises transfer the gold from the solution and suspension into sediment. Its particles are of 3–9 μm sizes and its content is 37–70% of the sediment.
Thus, it was shown that communities (cenosises) of microorganisms can have a part
in the process reverse to dispersion, i.e., in gold particle growth and its concretion in
deposits [17]. And it is possible for other materials.
Green rust (GR) plays a significant role as intermediates in the processes of dispersion of IASMs and their transformation to NIASMs [18–20]. It appears with the help
of microorganisms in technogenic conditions, in lab practice, and in environment.
Modeling of GR phase-formation process in abiotic conditions [18] or in conditions
of sea-water corrosion was done with the help of microorganisms. The interaction of
microorganisms with minerals and organic substances in natural ecosystems has been
investigated in the work [20]. Another not yet studied aspect of such investigation
could be the determination of colloid–chemical mechanisms of formation of various
minerals including disperse iron oxide-aluminosilicate minerals by biogenic way
with the use of microorganisms. This confirms by studying iron oxide-aluminosilicate
pelagic sediments (Fig. 3).
As we can see from the data (Fig. 3), the concentration of bivalent iron increases
in pelagic suspension in the conditions of microbiological–biocolloidal reduction
process. So is the dispersion of averaged suspension particles at reduction of iron
oxide-aluminosilicate structures by previously described mechanism [4–6] for not
averaged specific samples. The data presented in [4–6] and in Fig. 3 differ not much
and that indicates the practical independence of the process from changing of the
content in specified deviations. According to the data of XRD, the oxide-hydroxide
material extracted from the suspension had the structure of α-FeOOH (goethite),
which transformed to magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) in certain conditions.
Thus, it was shown that microbiological leaching of iron oxide-aluminosilicate
structures leads to the formation of α-FeOOH or Fe 3 O 4 . And that agrees with the
classical ideas of mineralogy [21]. The biocolloidal process of goethite or magnetite
formation occurs due to inorganic chemical reactions with the help of ferment surfactant products of microorganism metabolism. The role of ferments, which count in this
process reaches 3000 [22], is reduced to their action as surfactants according to the
laws of physicochemical geomechanics [4, 6, 17]. It is noticeable, that the increase
A. V. Panko et al.
jaspilite (iron quartzites) was formed 2 billion years ago with an aid of cyanobacteria
[12]. It is also known that silicate bacteria help leaching of metals from ores [13].
That testifies about the potential of biocolloidal microbiological hydrometallurgy
[14]. In works [15, 16], it is shown that while the process of using of microbiological
association of T. Ferrooxidans M1 bacteria (mixture of bacteria of T. Thiooxidans,
Leptospirillum sp. with dominating content of T. Ferrooxidans), while oxidation,
the dispersion of iron-aluminosilicate ore occurred. But the mechanisms of such
processes from the point of view of colloidal, biocolloidal, and nanolevel were not
considered.
A proposition was made that in deposit formation of metals, the microorganisms
could have a certain part. There were grown specific cenosises of microorganisms
and algae inhabiting the Sea of Okhotsk for two months in lab conditions on nutrient
medium with gold in solution and in suspended (colloid) state. Spectral analysis
showed that cenosises transfer the gold from the solution and suspension into sediment. Its particles are of 3–9 μm sizes and its content is 37–70% of the sediment.
Thus, it was shown that communities (cenosises) of microorganisms can have a part
in the process reverse to dispersion, i.e., in gold particle growth and its concretion in
deposits [17]. And it is possible for other materials.
Green rust (GR) plays a significant role as intermediates in the processes of dispersion of IASMs and their transformation to NIASMs [18–20]. It appears with the help
of microorganisms in technogenic conditions, in lab practice, and in environment.
Modeling of GR phase-formation process in abiotic conditions [18] or in conditions
of sea-water corrosion was done with the help of microorganisms. The interaction of
microorganisms with minerals and organic substances in natural ecosystems has been
investigated in the work [20]. Another not yet studied aspect of such investigation
could be the determination of colloid–chemical mechanisms of formation of various
minerals including disperse iron oxide-aluminosilicate minerals by biogenic way
with the use of microorganisms. This confirms by studying iron oxide-aluminosilicate
pelagic sediments (Fig. 3).
As we can see from the data (Fig. 3), the concentration of bivalent iron increases
in pelagic suspension in the conditions of microbiological–biocolloidal reduction
process. So is the dispersion of averaged suspension particles at reduction of iron
oxide-aluminosilicate structures by previously described mechanism [4–6] for not
averaged specific samples. The data presented in [4–6] and in Fig. 3 differ not much
and that indicates the practical independence of the process from changing of the
content in specified deviations. According to the data of XRD, the oxide-hydroxide
material extracted from the suspension had the structure of α-FeOOH (goethite),
which transformed to magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) in certain conditions.
Thus, it was shown that microbiological leaching of iron oxide-aluminosilicate
structures leads to the formation of α-FeOOH or Fe 3 O 4 . And that agrees with the
classical ideas of mineralogy [21]. The biocolloidal process of goethite or magnetite
formation occurs due to inorganic chemical reactions with the help of ferment surfactant products of microorganism metabolism. The role of ferments, which count in this
process reaches 3000 [22], is reduced to their action as surfactants according to the
laws of physicochemical geomechanics [4, 6, 17]. It is noticeable, that the increase