Catastrophic Phenomena on Marine Slopes and in Artificial Dams …
385
and IR-spectroscopic methods of analysis, and when needed—gravity and magnetic
separation, and biomedical methods [4–10]. Chemical and X-ray fluorescence analysis used in sample tests were done by the known methodology of qualitative
and quantitative methods of analysis of iron-aluminosilicate rocks. X-ray diffraction (XRD) sample analysis was done using diffractometer Dron-UM-1 with CoK α
emission and nickel filter at room temperature. Diffractometer was connected to
recorder KSP-4 and to a computer for diffraction pattern recording. Recording was
conducted at 1 degree per minute speed. Registration of X-Ray emission was done
by scintillation counter BDS-6. Electron microscopy of tested samples: electron
microscopic images were received on electron microscope Selmi PEMU in light
field mode. Scanning electron microscopes TESLA BN, JEOL NeoScope JCM5000, and JEOL JSM6490 LV with INCA ENERGY-450 (Oxford) energy-dispersion
device were also used. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA): it used thermogravimetric
analyzer MOM Q-1500 D (Hungary). Rheological characteristics of investigated
systems and materials were determined by rotational viscometer with coaxial cylinders Rheotest-2 connected to a computer. Structure and mechanical properties of
dispersions were investigated on Weiler–Rehbinder device with automatic recording
of deformation-time curves.
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Experimental and Model Conceptions About
Nanoformation and Transformation of Iron
Oxide-Hydroxide Aluminosilicate Phases
Problem alike for silicates and aluminosilicates with impurities of iron oxidehydroxides has been already partly considered [4–6, 11–17]. It lies close to the
problem of biocolloidal interaction of microorganisms with metallic and non-metallic
surfaces, and the problem of biological transformation of iron oxide-aluminosilicate
materials in the process of formation of NIASSs [11–17]. It is known, in general, that
biocolloidal interaction can be conducted by both microorganisms and their aggressive metabolites—acids, alkalis, amphiphilic surfactants, and other substances. At
that, the colonies of bacteria can form excrescences of mycelium or slime on
iron surface reduced from IASMs or in the structure of oxide-hydroxides and
iron-aluminosilicate polymineral formations. Under them, there occur appropriate
microbiological and chemical biocolloidal processes of geomechanical and physicochemical dispersion and nanochemical transformation of iron-aluminosilicates. Such
phenomena are characteristics for dispersion and nanochemical transformation on
the surface of iron oxide-hydroxides and iron-aluminosilicate structures, sulfides,
and other compounds. Thus, for example, it is known that American gold-mining
corporation in Denver (state of Colorado) processes sulfide ores in mixture with iron
oxide-aluminosilicate rocks using sulfo-bacteria of Thiobacillus genus [11]. And
385
and IR-spectroscopic methods of analysis, and when needed—gravity and magnetic
separation, and biomedical methods [4–10]. Chemical and X-ray fluorescence analysis used in sample tests were done by the known methodology of qualitative
and quantitative methods of analysis of iron-aluminosilicate rocks. X-ray diffraction (XRD) sample analysis was done using diffractometer Dron-UM-1 with CoK α
emission and nickel filter at room temperature. Diffractometer was connected to
recorder KSP-4 and to a computer for diffraction pattern recording. Recording was
conducted at 1 degree per minute speed. Registration of X-Ray emission was done
by scintillation counter BDS-6. Electron microscopy of tested samples: electron
microscopic images were received on electron microscope Selmi PEMU in light
field mode. Scanning electron microscopes TESLA BN, JEOL NeoScope JCM5000, and JEOL JSM6490 LV with INCA ENERGY-450 (Oxford) energy-dispersion
device were also used. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA): it used thermogravimetric
analyzer MOM Q-1500 D (Hungary). Rheological characteristics of investigated
systems and materials were determined by rotational viscometer with coaxial cylinders Rheotest-2 connected to a computer. Structure and mechanical properties of
dispersions were investigated on Weiler–Rehbinder device with automatic recording
of deformation-time curves.
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Experimental and Model Conceptions About
Nanoformation and Transformation of Iron
Oxide-Hydroxide Aluminosilicate Phases
Problem alike for silicates and aluminosilicates with impurities of iron oxidehydroxides has been already partly considered [4–6, 11–17]. It lies close to the
problem of biocolloidal interaction of microorganisms with metallic and non-metallic
surfaces, and the problem of biological transformation of iron oxide-aluminosilicate
materials in the process of formation of NIASSs [11–17]. It is known, in general, that
biocolloidal interaction can be conducted by both microorganisms and their aggressive metabolites—acids, alkalis, amphiphilic surfactants, and other substances. At
that, the colonies of bacteria can form excrescences of mycelium or slime on
iron surface reduced from IASMs or in the structure of oxide-hydroxides and
iron-aluminosilicate polymineral formations. Under them, there occur appropriate
microbiological and chemical biocolloidal processes of geomechanical and physicochemical dispersion and nanochemical transformation of iron-aluminosilicates. Such
phenomena are characteristics for dispersion and nanochemical transformation on
the surface of iron oxide-hydroxides and iron-aluminosilicate structures, sulfides,
and other compounds. Thus, for example, it is known that American gold-mining
corporation in Denver (state of Colorado) processes sulfide ores in mixture with iron
oxide-aluminosilicate rocks using sulfo-bacteria of Thiobacillus genus [11]. And