17
of climate change would evolve as an essential
area of research in SIDS.
It is also important that consideration is given
to developing a universal and sustainable approach
to ensure CCA of youth in small island communities is consistent with sustainable development
principles and practice by developing a specific
framework to facilitate this to take place. This
new framework should be designed to guide the
sustainable development process within the context of youth development and build their resilience to adapt to the impact of climate change.
Although there are numerous conceptual
frameworks developed to assist with the adaptation to climate change in numerous geographical
setting including small island states (Jopp et al.
2010; Calgaro 2011), none of these frameworks
has been applied to the adaptation of youth in
small island developing states (SIDS). The following frameworks below are reviewed by assessing
their applicability within the context of building
the adaptive capacity of youth in SIDS to adapt to
the impact of climate change (DFID, 2000 in
Angelsen et al. 2011; Pereznieto et al. 2011).
The Sustainable Livelihoods
Framework (DfID, 2000 in Angelsen,
2011)
The Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF)
was developed by DfID in 1999 to provide a tool
for understanding community livelihoods, vulnerabilities and outcomes of community livelihoods
strategies on specific or various sectors of society
(DfID, 1999; DfID, 2000 in Angelsen et al. 2011).
Angelsen et al. (2011) described the SLF as a
framework for gathering contextual information.
The underlying message conveyed through this
framework is moulded by a variety of forces
including shocks, trends and reasonability and
factors such as transforming structures and processes. It is also important to note that these processes and elements are always changing. The
SLF consists of five interacting components,
namely the vulnerability context, livelihoods
assets, transforming structures and processes,
livelihoods strategies and livelihoods outcomes.
The assessment of livelihoods necessitates a
continuous assessment of the assets available
within the community, the livelihoods outcomes
that the community is hoping to accomplish, and
the livelihoods strategies which the community is
adapting with the hope of achieving the designated outcomes at a later stage in the development
process. Although the framework is generic in its
structure and is not specifically focused on youth
adaptation to climate change in small island communities, it has relevance when dealing with
issues about climate change impact - shocks and
vulnerabilities. The first component of the framework focused on addressing the vulnerability,
which is caused by forces such as shocks which
include health shocks, economic shocks, crops
and livestock failure shocks and others (Angelsen
et al. 2011). These shocks can also be caused by
climate change and other calamities in SIDS
(Semi 2007; Nurse et al. 2014; HernandezDelgado 2015). Trends can be generated and
influenced by population growth, resources use,
economic trends, governance, technological
trends and seasonality. Understanding the vulnerability context would provide the following benefits including an understanding of adaptive
capability, coping strategies and the role of the
environmental and natural resource base of the
community in securing livelihoods and producing
safety nets for the population.
Although the SLF did not specifically focus
on climate change, youth development and adaptation, it has relevance for addressing the vulnerabilities caused by climate change and reducing
the severity of its impact on youth in SIDS. It also
has similarities to the human capital element of
the research on youth adaptation and climate
change in SIDS.
Climate change possesses the potential to negatively influence the resources in SIDS, which
the youth depends on to ensure sustainable livelihoods (ILO 2010; UNEP 2013; IPCC 2014a, b;
Nurse et al. 2014). Consequently, it is important
to note that the severity of the impact will influence the adaptive strategies chosen to deal with
the impact of the climatic pressures on the community (Angelsen et al. 2011). Although the SLF
is not explicitly designed to address the main
The Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (DfID, 2000 in Angelsen, 2011)
of climate change would evolve as an essential
area of research in SIDS.
It is also important that consideration is given
to developing a universal and sustainable approach
to ensure CCA of youth in small island communities is consistent with sustainable development
principles and practice by developing a specific
framework to facilitate this to take place. This
new framework should be designed to guide the
sustainable development process within the context of youth development and build their resilience to adapt to the impact of climate change.
Although there are numerous conceptual
frameworks developed to assist with the adaptation to climate change in numerous geographical
setting including small island states (Jopp et al.
2010; Calgaro 2011), none of these frameworks
has been applied to the adaptation of youth in
small island developing states (SIDS). The following frameworks below are reviewed by assessing
their applicability within the context of building
the adaptive capacity of youth in SIDS to adapt to
the impact of climate change (DFID, 2000 in
Angelsen et al. 2011; Pereznieto et al. 2011).
The Sustainable Livelihoods
Framework (DfID, 2000 in Angelsen,
2011)
The Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF)
was developed by DfID in 1999 to provide a tool
for understanding community livelihoods, vulnerabilities and outcomes of community livelihoods
strategies on specific or various sectors of society
(DfID, 1999; DfID, 2000 in Angelsen et al. 2011).
Angelsen et al. (2011) described the SLF as a
framework for gathering contextual information.
The underlying message conveyed through this
framework is moulded by a variety of forces
including shocks, trends and reasonability and
factors such as transforming structures and processes. It is also important to note that these processes and elements are always changing. The
SLF consists of five interacting components,
namely the vulnerability context, livelihoods
assets, transforming structures and processes,
livelihoods strategies and livelihoods outcomes.
The assessment of livelihoods necessitates a
continuous assessment of the assets available
within the community, the livelihoods outcomes
that the community is hoping to accomplish, and
the livelihoods strategies which the community is
adapting with the hope of achieving the designated outcomes at a later stage in the development
process. Although the framework is generic in its
structure and is not specifically focused on youth
adaptation to climate change in small island communities, it has relevance when dealing with
issues about climate change impact - shocks and
vulnerabilities. The first component of the framework focused on addressing the vulnerability,
which is caused by forces such as shocks which
include health shocks, economic shocks, crops
and livestock failure shocks and others (Angelsen
et al. 2011). These shocks can also be caused by
climate change and other calamities in SIDS
(Semi 2007; Nurse et al. 2014; HernandezDelgado 2015). Trends can be generated and
influenced by population growth, resources use,
economic trends, governance, technological
trends and seasonality. Understanding the vulnerability context would provide the following benefits including an understanding of adaptive
capability, coping strategies and the role of the
environmental and natural resource base of the
community in securing livelihoods and producing
safety nets for the population.
Although the SLF did not specifically focus
on climate change, youth development and adaptation, it has relevance for addressing the vulnerabilities caused by climate change and reducing
the severity of its impact on youth in SIDS. It also
has similarities to the human capital element of
the research on youth adaptation and climate
change in SIDS.
Climate change possesses the potential to negatively influence the resources in SIDS, which
the youth depends on to ensure sustainable livelihoods (ILO 2010; UNEP 2013; IPCC 2014a, b;
Nurse et al. 2014). Consequently, it is important
to note that the severity of the impact will influence the adaptive strategies chosen to deal with
the impact of the climatic pressures on the community (Angelsen et al. 2011). Although the SLF
is not explicitly designed to address the main
The Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (DfID, 2000 in Angelsen, 2011)