70
L. Ponomarova et al.
C x10
4
[mmol g
-1
]
0
4
8
1 2
g
l
o
m
m
[
A
-1
]
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Dowex HCR-S
Dowex HCR-S/ZHP
ZHP
C Ni x10
4
[mmol g
-1
]
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.0
0.5
1.0
Dowex MAC-3
Dowex MAC-3 /ZHP
g
l
o
m
m
[
A
-1
]
b
a
Cx10
6 [mmol g
-1
]
0
1
x
A
4
g
l
o
m
m
[
-1
]
0
2
4
6
Dowex MAC-3
Dowex MAC-3 / ZHP
ZHP
Dowex HCR-S
Dowex HCR-S/ZHP
0
5
10
c
Fig. 4.5 Isotherms of Ni 2+ →H + exchange (a, b) and BG adsorption (c)
10 -6
10 -5
10 -4
10 -3
10 -3
10 -2
10 -1
10 0
10 1
Dowex HCR-S
Dowex HCR-S/ZHP
ZHP
MAC-3
MAC-3/ZHP
C [mmol g
-1
]
g
l
o
m
m
[
A
-1
]
a
C
-1
x10
-6 / g mmol
-1
A
-1
x10
-3
l
o
m
m
g
/
-1
0
5
10
15
20
Dowex MAC-3
Dowex MAC-3/ZHP
ZHP
Dowex HCR-S
Dowex HCR-S/ZHP
1
0
2
3
4
5
b
Fig. 4.6 Isotherms of Ni 2+ →H + exchange (a) and BG adsorption (b) plotted in Freundlich (a)
and Langmuir (b) coordinates
The Langmuir equation is as follows:
1
A
=
1
K L A L C
+
1
A L
(4.2)