Effectiveness of River Bed Filtration in Pollutant Removal …
221
6.1 Water Quality and Soil Analysis
Water samples are collected from different locations of Belgaon and analyzed in the
laboratory for different water quality. Here, the river water was raw water (RW),
production well water (PW1) was the river bed filtered water, and ground water
was the tube well water. Water quality monitoring was done in 15 phases for the
year 2018–19, considering time periods like monsoon, post-monsoon, and summer.
Each time period comprised of five phases. Water samples were collected from River
Tel (RW1; surface water), production well (PW1, riverbank filtered water), and one
deep bore well which is at a distance of more than 1 km from the Tel River (GW1,
groundwater) at Belgaon. Water sample results from different sources, i.e., river
water, production well, and tube well are given in Table 1.
7 Percentage Removal of Pollutants
From Fig. 3, it can be noticed that phosphate removal percentage varied between a
lowest (minimum) value of 10.53% to a highest (maximum) value of 35.91%. The
average removal percentage was reported as 17.94%. Similarly, it can be noticed that
phenol removal percentage varied between a lowest value of 14.15% to a highest
value of 28.71%. The average removal percentage was reported as 20.63%. It can be
noticed that turbidity removal percentage varied between a lowest value of 99.62% to
a highest value of 99.86%. The average removal percentage was reported as 99.76%.
It can be noticed that total coliform removal percentage varied between a lowest
value of 96.17% to a highest value of 99.73%. The average removal percentage was
reported as 98.69%. It can be noticed that nitrate removal percentage varied between
a lowest value of 3.15% to a highest value of 6.15%. The average removal percentage
was reported as 4.92%. It can be noticed that UV absorbance removal percentage
varied between a lowest value of 10.43% to a highest value of 30.36%. The average
removal percentage was reported as 16.91%. From Fig. 3, it can be concluded that
pollutants like turbidity and total coliform removal percentages were more compared
to other pollutants like phosphate, phenol, nitrate, and UV absorbance.
Figure 4 shows the relative values of water quality parameter for the production
well water and the river water. The parameters such as TDS, conductivity, alkalinity,
chloride, fluoride, and hardness values are greater than 1, i.e., the values of production
well water are greater than river water. From Fig. 5, it was found that the parameters such as turbidity, nitrate, total coliform, phenol, phosphate, and UV absorbance
values are less than 1, i.e., the values of river water is greater than production well
water. Here, we found that the TDS and conductivity of the production well water
is more than that of the river water because the production well water is mixture of
river water (having lower TDS and conductivity) and ground water (having higher
TDS and conductivity). From the above results, we found that bed filtration has effectively removed turbidity, coliform bacteria, organics (UV abs. and total coliform), and
221
6.1 Water Quality and Soil Analysis
Water samples are collected from different locations of Belgaon and analyzed in the
laboratory for different water quality. Here, the river water was raw water (RW),
production well water (PW1) was the river bed filtered water, and ground water
was the tube well water. Water quality monitoring was done in 15 phases for the
year 2018–19, considering time periods like monsoon, post-monsoon, and summer.
Each time period comprised of five phases. Water samples were collected from River
Tel (RW1; surface water), production well (PW1, riverbank filtered water), and one
deep bore well which is at a distance of more than 1 km from the Tel River (GW1,
groundwater) at Belgaon. Water sample results from different sources, i.e., river
water, production well, and tube well are given in Table 1.
7 Percentage Removal of Pollutants
From Fig. 3, it can be noticed that phosphate removal percentage varied between a
lowest (minimum) value of 10.53% to a highest (maximum) value of 35.91%. The
average removal percentage was reported as 17.94%. Similarly, it can be noticed that
phenol removal percentage varied between a lowest value of 14.15% to a highest
value of 28.71%. The average removal percentage was reported as 20.63%. It can be
noticed that turbidity removal percentage varied between a lowest value of 99.62% to
a highest value of 99.86%. The average removal percentage was reported as 99.76%.
It can be noticed that total coliform removal percentage varied between a lowest
value of 96.17% to a highest value of 99.73%. The average removal percentage was
reported as 98.69%. It can be noticed that nitrate removal percentage varied between
a lowest value of 3.15% to a highest value of 6.15%. The average removal percentage
was reported as 4.92%. It can be noticed that UV absorbance removal percentage
varied between a lowest value of 10.43% to a highest value of 30.36%. The average
removal percentage was reported as 16.91%. From Fig. 3, it can be concluded that
pollutants like turbidity and total coliform removal percentages were more compared
to other pollutants like phosphate, phenol, nitrate, and UV absorbance.
Figure 4 shows the relative values of water quality parameter for the production
well water and the river water. The parameters such as TDS, conductivity, alkalinity,
chloride, fluoride, and hardness values are greater than 1, i.e., the values of production
well water are greater than river water. From Fig. 5, it was found that the parameters such as turbidity, nitrate, total coliform, phenol, phosphate, and UV absorbance
values are less than 1, i.e., the values of river water is greater than production well
water. Here, we found that the TDS and conductivity of the production well water
is more than that of the river water because the production well water is mixture of
river water (having lower TDS and conductivity) and ground water (having higher
TDS and conductivity). From the above results, we found that bed filtration has effectively removed turbidity, coliform bacteria, organics (UV abs. and total coliform), and