680
Table 2 Water hyacinth as a source of sorbent for heavy metals and dyes
Sr. no.
Plant part
Response
Parameters
Results
References
1.
Petioles and
leaves
Pb
2+
, Ni
2+
, Zn
2+
Chemical treatment of adsorbent:
Temperature, 25 °C
Time, 2 h
NaOH concentration, 0.1 mol/L
HNO
3 concentration, 10%
Volume of NaOH and HNO
3 , 25 mL
Washing in Soxhlet extractor:
Temperature, 90 °C
pH, 7
Drying:
Temperature, 100 ± 2 °C
Time, 5 h
Initial concentration of solution, 50–600 mg/L
pH, 5 ± 0.2
Single-element adsorption capacity
for alkali-treated adsorbent,
28.6 ± 3.9 mg/g, 18.9 ± 1.6 mg/g and
76.8 ± 4.7 mg/g for Ni
2+
, Zn
2+
and
Pb
2+
, respectively, at 25 °C
Neris et al. [30]
2.
Water hyacinth
trunk
Methylene blue
(MB)
Carbonization:
Temperature, 600 °C
Time, 1 h
Sulphonation with concentrated H
2 SO
4 :
Time, 3 h
Adsorption:
Adsorbent amount, 0.0625–0.125 g
Adsorbate initial concentration, 80–120 mg/L
Adsorbate volume, 25 mL
Time, 5 min–12 h
pH, 1–12
Adsorption capacity, 18.517 mg/g
(without sulphonation) and
19.480 mg/g (with sulphonation)
Nurhadi et al.
[47]
P. V. Ganorkar et al.