676
Table 1 Water hyacinth as a source of phytochemicals
Sr.
no.
Targeted
phytochemicals
Plant
part
Parameter
Results
References
1. Sterols
Leaves
and
stalks
Supercritical
fluid extraction:
Solid loading,
30 g
Pressure,
200–300 bar
Temperature,
50 °C
Solvent, CO 2
Flow rate, 7.5 g/
min
Co-solvent,
0.0–5.0% (wt)
ethanol
Total yield, 1.25% (wt)
ethanol at 250–300 bar
and 5.0% (wt)
Total sterol
concentration, 38.26%
(wt)
Stigmasterol
concentration, 26.35%
(wt) at 300 bar and
2.5% (wt)
Martins
et al. [40]
2. Stigmasterol
Leaves
and
stalks
Supercritical
fluid extraction:
Solid loading,
70 g
Pressure, 200 bar
Temperature,
40–60 °C
Time, 6 h
Solvent, CO 2
Co-solvent,
0–10% (wt)
ethanol
Total yield, 0.73% (wt)
Stigmasterol yield,
0.22% (wt)
Stigmasterol
concentration,
30.6 kg/100 kg extract
at
60 °C and 0% (wt)
ethanol. Addition of
ethanol led to increased
yield up to 1.88% (wt)
with an extended time
of extraction
de Melo
et al. [41]
(continued)
P. V. Ganorkar et al.