677
Table 1 (continued)
Sr.
no.
Targeted
phytochemicals
Plant
part
Parameter
Results
References
3. Polar and lipophilic
components
Roots,
stalks,
leaves
and
flowers
Solid loading,
10 g
Soxhlet
extraction:
Time, 8 h
Solvent,
dichloromethane
Solid-liquid
extraction (SLE):
Time, 24 h
Solid-liquid
ratio, 1:100
biomass after
Soxhlet
extraction (g):
solvent (mL)
Solvent,
methanol/water/
acetic acid
(47.5:47.5:5.0
v:v:v)
Temperature, RT
Yield from stalk
Soxhlet, 2.65% (wt)
SLE, 28.84% (wt)
Total, 31.49% (wt)
Silva et al.
[42]
4. Shikimic acid
Aerial
parts
and
roots
Solid loading,
1 g
Time, 20 min
(magnetic
stirring at RT and
45 °C; sonication
at RT and 45 °C)
Solvent,
methanol and
water
(2 × 25 mL)
Significant yield was
obtained for sonication
at room temperature
(1.450% (wt)) using
methanol for aerial
parts
Cardoso
et al. [43]
5. Phenolic compounds Petioles,
leaves
and
flowers
Solid loading,
5 g
Volume of
solvent, 50 mL
Solvent, ethanol;
water
Temperature, RT
Time, overnight
Higher extraction yield
was found for flower
25.5% (wt) with water
Surendraraj
et al. [44]
6. 8-Phenylphenalenones Roots
and
leaves
Solid loading,
870 g
Temperature, RT
Solvent, acetone
Structure elucidation
8-phenylphenalenones
Total amount extracted,
7.2 mg/g
Hölscher
and
Schneider
[45]
Waste Valorization of Water Hyacinth Using Biorefinery Approach: A Sustainable Route