620
sustainable source to produce fuels and chemicals. Acid catalysts are essential to
cleave strong glycosidic linkages of the biomass for its depolymerization into
monomeric sugars and its subsequent dehydration to yield high-value chemicals
such as HMF, furfural, and LA. With high acidity and tunable properties, BAILs are
reported as a viable option as reaction medium and the catalyst as well. In order to
correlate activity trends of different BAILs, DPE calculated from ab initio DFT
simulation could be the simplest way. Furthermore, UV-Vis and NMR spectroscopic
method are reported as significant tools to quantify HMF yield. In summary, this
chapter provides a brief account of the recent advances in converting a variety of
raw biomass, including agricultural residues (e.g., sugarcane bagasse, rice straw),
grasses, corn stover, mushrooms, etc., into HMF and correlation between acidity of
the ionic liquids with the yield.
References
1. Galkin KI, Ananikov VP (2019) When will 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural, the “sleeping Giant”
of sustainable chemistry, awaken? ChemSusChem 12(13):2976–2982. https://doi.org/10.1002/
cssc.201900592
2. Alam MI, Gupta S, Ahmad E, Haider MA (2015) Integrated bio- and chemocatalytic processing for biorenewable chemicals and fuels. In: Saha B, Fan M, Wang J (eds) Sustainable catalytic processes, pp 157–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978- 0- 444- 59567- 6.00006- 6
3. Alam MI, Saha B (2015) Catalysis for production of sustainable chemicals and fuels from
biomass. In: Saha B, Fan M, Wang J (eds) Sustainable catalytic processes, 1st edn, pp 99–123.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978- 0- 444- 59567- 6.00004- 2
4. Becker J, Wittmann C (2015) Advanced biotechnology: metabolically engineered cells for
the bio-based production of chemicals and fuels, materials, and health-care products. Angew
Chem Int Ed 54(150):3328–3350. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201409033
5. Corma A, Iborra S, Velty A (2007) Chemical routes for the transformation of biomass into
chemicals. Chemical Review 107:2411–2502
6. Straathof AJJ (2014) Transformation of biomass into commodity chemicals using enzymes or
cells. Chem Rev 114:1871–1908. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr400309c
7. Ahmad E, Alam MI, Pant KK, Haider MA (2019) Insights into the synthesis of ethyl Levulinate
under microwave and nonmicrowave heating conditions [research-article]. Ind Eng Chem Res
58(35):16055–16064. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01137
8. Alam MI, De S, Singh B, Saha B, Abu-Omar MM (2014) Titanium hydrogenphosphate: an
efficient dual acidic catalyst for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) production. Appl Catal A
Gen 486:42–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2014.08.019
9. Alam MI, Gupta S, Bohre A, Ahmad E, Khan TS, Saha B, Haider MA (2016a) Development
of 6-amyl-α-pyrone as a potential biomass-derived platform molecule. Green Chem
18(24):6431–6435. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6gc02528e
10. Alam MI, Khan TS, Haider MA (2019) Alternate biobased route to produce δ-Decalactone:
elucidating the role of solvent and hydrogen evolution in catalytic transfer hydrogenation. ACS
Sustain Chem Eng 7(3):2894–2898. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b05014
11. Gupta S, Alam MI, Khan TS, Haider MA (2019) Mechanistic approaches toward rational
Design of a Heterogeneous Catalyst for ring-opening and deoxygenation of biomass-derived
cyclic compounds [review-article]. ACS Sust Chem Eng 7(12):10165–10181. https://doi.
org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b00734
12. Alam MI, De S, Dutta S, Saha B (2012) Solid-acid and ionic-liquid catalyzed one-pot transformation of biorenewable substrates into a platform chemical and a promising biofuel. RSC
Adv 2:6890–6896. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ra20574b
M. I. Alam
sustainable source to produce fuels and chemicals. Acid catalysts are essential to
cleave strong glycosidic linkages of the biomass for its depolymerization into
monomeric sugars and its subsequent dehydration to yield high-value chemicals
such as HMF, furfural, and LA. With high acidity and tunable properties, BAILs are
reported as a viable option as reaction medium and the catalyst as well. In order to
correlate activity trends of different BAILs, DPE calculated from ab initio DFT
simulation could be the simplest way. Furthermore, UV-Vis and NMR spectroscopic
method are reported as significant tools to quantify HMF yield. In summary, this
chapter provides a brief account of the recent advances in converting a variety of
raw biomass, including agricultural residues (e.g., sugarcane bagasse, rice straw),
grasses, corn stover, mushrooms, etc., into HMF and correlation between acidity of
the ionic liquids with the yield.
References
1. Galkin KI, Ananikov VP (2019) When will 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural, the “sleeping Giant”
of sustainable chemistry, awaken? ChemSusChem 12(13):2976–2982. https://doi.org/10.1002/
cssc.201900592
2. Alam MI, Gupta S, Ahmad E, Haider MA (2015) Integrated bio- and chemocatalytic processing for biorenewable chemicals and fuels. In: Saha B, Fan M, Wang J (eds) Sustainable catalytic processes, pp 157–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978- 0- 444- 59567- 6.00006- 6
3. Alam MI, Saha B (2015) Catalysis for production of sustainable chemicals and fuels from
biomass. In: Saha B, Fan M, Wang J (eds) Sustainable catalytic processes, 1st edn, pp 99–123.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978- 0- 444- 59567- 6.00004- 2
4. Becker J, Wittmann C (2015) Advanced biotechnology: metabolically engineered cells for
the bio-based production of chemicals and fuels, materials, and health-care products. Angew
Chem Int Ed 54(150):3328–3350. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201409033
5. Corma A, Iborra S, Velty A (2007) Chemical routes for the transformation of biomass into
chemicals. Chemical Review 107:2411–2502
6. Straathof AJJ (2014) Transformation of biomass into commodity chemicals using enzymes or
cells. Chem Rev 114:1871–1908. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr400309c
7. Ahmad E, Alam MI, Pant KK, Haider MA (2019) Insights into the synthesis of ethyl Levulinate
under microwave and nonmicrowave heating conditions [research-article]. Ind Eng Chem Res
58(35):16055–16064. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01137
8. Alam MI, De S, Singh B, Saha B, Abu-Omar MM (2014) Titanium hydrogenphosphate: an
efficient dual acidic catalyst for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) production. Appl Catal A
Gen 486:42–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2014.08.019
9. Alam MI, Gupta S, Bohre A, Ahmad E, Khan TS, Saha B, Haider MA (2016a) Development
of 6-amyl-α-pyrone as a potential biomass-derived platform molecule. Green Chem
18(24):6431–6435. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6gc02528e
10. Alam MI, Khan TS, Haider MA (2019) Alternate biobased route to produce δ-Decalactone:
elucidating the role of solvent and hydrogen evolution in catalytic transfer hydrogenation. ACS
Sustain Chem Eng 7(3):2894–2898. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b05014
11. Gupta S, Alam MI, Khan TS, Haider MA (2019) Mechanistic approaches toward rational
Design of a Heterogeneous Catalyst for ring-opening and deoxygenation of biomass-derived
cyclic compounds [review-article]. ACS Sust Chem Eng 7(12):10165–10181. https://doi.
org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b00734
12. Alam MI, De S, Dutta S, Saha B (2012) Solid-acid and ionic-liquid catalyzed one-pot transformation of biorenewable substrates into a platform chemical and a promising biofuel. RSC
Adv 2:6890–6896. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ra20574b
M. I. Alam