621
13. Dutta S, De S, Alam I, Abu-Omar MM, Saha B (2012) Direct conversion of cellulose and
lignocellulosic biomass into chemicals and biofuel with metal chloride catalysts. J Catal
288:8–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2011.12.017
14. Kim B, Jeong J, Lee D, Kim S, Yoon H-J, Lee Y-S, Cho JK (2011) Direct transformation of cellulose into 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural using a combination of metal chlorides in imidazolium
ionic liquid. Green Chem 13(6):1503. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1gc15152e
15. Yang Y, Hu C, Abu-omar MM (2012a) Conversion of carbohydrates and lignocellulosic biomass into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural using AlCl3·6H2O catalyst in a biphasic solvent system.
Green Chem 14:509–513. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1gc15972k
16. Yang Y, Hu C, Abu-omar MM (2012b) Synthesis of furfural from xylose , Xylan , and biomass
using AlCl3·6 H2O in biphasic media via xylose isomerization to Xylulose. ChemSusChem
5:405–410. https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201100688
17. Binder J, Raines R (2009) Simple chemical transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into
furans for fuels and chemicals. J Am Chem Soc 131:1979. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja808537j
18. Zhang Z, Zhao ZK (2010) Microwave-assisted conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into
furans in ionic liquid. Bioresour Technol 101(3):1111–1114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
biortech.2009.09.010
19. Xia H, Xu S, Yang L (2017) Efficient conversion of wheat straw into furan compounds, biooils, and phosphate fertilizers by a combination of hydrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis. RSC Adv
7:1200–1205. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ra27072g
20. Yang F, Liu Q, Bai X, Du Y (2011) Conversion of biomass into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
using solid acid catalyst. Bioresour Technol 102(3):3424–3429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
biortech.2010.10.023
21. Seo Y, Han J (2014) Direct conversion from Jerusalem artichoke to hydroxymethylfurfural ( HMF ) using the Fenton reaction. Food Chem 151:207–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
foodchem.2013.11.067
22. Yi YB, Lee JW, Choi YH, Park SM, Chung CH (2012) Simple process for production of
hydroxymethylfurfural from raw biomasses of girasol and potato tubers. Biomass Bioenergy
39:484–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.01.011
23. Alam MI, De S, Khan TS, Haider MA, Saha B (2018) Acid functionalized ionic liquid catalyzed transformation of non-food biomass into platform chemical and fuel additive. Ind Crop
Prod 123(July):629–637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.07.036
24. De S, Dutta S, Saha B (2011) Microwave assisted conversion of carbohydrates and biopolymers to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural with aluminium chloride catalyst in water. Green Chem
13(10):2859. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1gc15550d
25. World Population Prospects 2019: Highlights (2019). Retrieved from https://www.un.org/
development/desa/publications/world- population- prospects- 2019- highlights.html
26. Graenacher, C. (1934). Patent No. US Patent 1943176. Switzerland
27. Swatloski RP, Spear SK, Holbrey JD, Rogers RD (2002) Dissolution of cellose with ionic
liquids. J Am Chem Soc 124(18):4974–4975. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja025790m
28. Ding ZD, Shi JC, Xiao JJ, Gu WX, Zheng CG, Wang HJ (2012) Catalytic conversion of cellulose to 5-hydroxymethyl furfural using acidic ionic liquids and co-catalyst. Carbohydr Polym
90(2):792–798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.05.083
29. Tao F, Song H, Chou L (2011) Hydrolysis of cellulose in SO3H-functionalized ionic liquids.
Bioresour Technol 102(19):9000–9006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.06.067
30. Tao F, Song H, Yang J, Chou L (2011) Catalytic hydrolysis of cellulose into furans in
MnCl2-ionic liquid system. Carbohydr Polym 85(2):363–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
carbpol.2011.02.040
31. Zakrzewska ME, Bogel-łukasik E, Bogel-łukasik R (2011) Ionic liquid-mediated formation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural s a promising biomass-derived building block. Chem Rev
111:397–417
32. Binder JB, Raines RT, Binder JB, Raines RT (2009) Simple chemical transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into furans for fuels and chemicals. J Am Chem Soc 131:1879–1985.
https://doi.org/10.1021/ja808537j
Catalytic Production of High-Value Chemicals from High Volume Non-food Biomass
13. Dutta S, De S, Alam I, Abu-Omar MM, Saha B (2012) Direct conversion of cellulose and
lignocellulosic biomass into chemicals and biofuel with metal chloride catalysts. J Catal
288:8–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2011.12.017
14. Kim B, Jeong J, Lee D, Kim S, Yoon H-J, Lee Y-S, Cho JK (2011) Direct transformation of cellulose into 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural using a combination of metal chlorides in imidazolium
ionic liquid. Green Chem 13(6):1503. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1gc15152e
15. Yang Y, Hu C, Abu-omar MM (2012a) Conversion of carbohydrates and lignocellulosic biomass into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural using AlCl3·6H2O catalyst in a biphasic solvent system.
Green Chem 14:509–513. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1gc15972k
16. Yang Y, Hu C, Abu-omar MM (2012b) Synthesis of furfural from xylose , Xylan , and biomass
using AlCl3·6 H2O in biphasic media via xylose isomerization to Xylulose. ChemSusChem
5:405–410. https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201100688
17. Binder J, Raines R (2009) Simple chemical transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into
furans for fuels and chemicals. J Am Chem Soc 131:1979. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja808537j
18. Zhang Z, Zhao ZK (2010) Microwave-assisted conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into
furans in ionic liquid. Bioresour Technol 101(3):1111–1114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
biortech.2009.09.010
19. Xia H, Xu S, Yang L (2017) Efficient conversion of wheat straw into furan compounds, biooils, and phosphate fertilizers by a combination of hydrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis. RSC Adv
7:1200–1205. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ra27072g
20. Yang F, Liu Q, Bai X, Du Y (2011) Conversion of biomass into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
using solid acid catalyst. Bioresour Technol 102(3):3424–3429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
biortech.2010.10.023
21. Seo Y, Han J (2014) Direct conversion from Jerusalem artichoke to hydroxymethylfurfural ( HMF ) using the Fenton reaction. Food Chem 151:207–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
foodchem.2013.11.067
22. Yi YB, Lee JW, Choi YH, Park SM, Chung CH (2012) Simple process for production of
hydroxymethylfurfural from raw biomasses of girasol and potato tubers. Biomass Bioenergy
39:484–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.01.011
23. Alam MI, De S, Khan TS, Haider MA, Saha B (2018) Acid functionalized ionic liquid catalyzed transformation of non-food biomass into platform chemical and fuel additive. Ind Crop
Prod 123(July):629–637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.07.036
24. De S, Dutta S, Saha B (2011) Microwave assisted conversion of carbohydrates and biopolymers to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural with aluminium chloride catalyst in water. Green Chem
13(10):2859. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1gc15550d
25. World Population Prospects 2019: Highlights (2019). Retrieved from https://www.un.org/
development/desa/publications/world- population- prospects- 2019- highlights.html
26. Graenacher, C. (1934). Patent No. US Patent 1943176. Switzerland
27. Swatloski RP, Spear SK, Holbrey JD, Rogers RD (2002) Dissolution of cellose with ionic
liquids. J Am Chem Soc 124(18):4974–4975. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja025790m
28. Ding ZD, Shi JC, Xiao JJ, Gu WX, Zheng CG, Wang HJ (2012) Catalytic conversion of cellulose to 5-hydroxymethyl furfural using acidic ionic liquids and co-catalyst. Carbohydr Polym
90(2):792–798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.05.083
29. Tao F, Song H, Chou L (2011) Hydrolysis of cellulose in SO3H-functionalized ionic liquids.
Bioresour Technol 102(19):9000–9006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.06.067
30. Tao F, Song H, Yang J, Chou L (2011) Catalytic hydrolysis of cellulose into furans in
MnCl2-ionic liquid system. Carbohydr Polym 85(2):363–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
carbpol.2011.02.040
31. Zakrzewska ME, Bogel-łukasik E, Bogel-łukasik R (2011) Ionic liquid-mediated formation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural s a promising biomass-derived building block. Chem Rev
111:397–417
32. Binder JB, Raines RT, Binder JB, Raines RT (2009) Simple chemical transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into furans for fuels and chemicals. J Am Chem Soc 131:1879–1985.
https://doi.org/10.1021/ja808537j
Catalytic Production of High-Value Chemicals from High Volume Non-food Biomass