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232. Chang CD, Lang W, Smith R (1979) The conversion of methanol and other O- compounds
to hydrocarbons over zeolite catalysts: II. Pressure effects. J Catal 56:69–173. https://doi.
org/10.1016/0021- 9517(79)90103- 9
233. Chang, C. D, James, C.W, Kuo, J.C.W, Lang, W.H, Solomon M, Jacob, S.M, Wise,
J.J. Silvestri, A. J, (1978) Process studies on the conversion of methanol to gasoline, Ind Eng
Chem Process Des Dev, 17, 255–260. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/i260067a008
234. Yurchak S (1988) Development of Mobil’s fixed-bed methanol-to-gasoline (MTG) process.
Stud Surf Sci Catal 36:251–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167- 2991(09)60521- 8
235. Tabak S, Yurchak S (1990) Conversion of methanol over ZSM-5 to fuels and chemicals. Catal
Today 6:307–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/0920- 5861(90)85007- B
236. Tabak S, Heinritz-Adrian M, Brandl A, McGihon R, Brandl A (2008) An alternative route for
coal to liquid fuel-applying the exxon mobil methanol to gasoline (MTG) process, gasification technologies conference, 5–8 Oct, Washington, DC
237. Helton T, Hindman M (2014) Methanol to gasoline technology – an alternative for liquid fuel
production-GTL technology forum, Texas, USA, 30–31 Jul 2014
238. Udessen H (2013) TIGAS—Topsoe improved gasoline synthesis, 16th IMPCA-2013 Asian
methanol conference, 30 Oct to 1 Nov 2013
239. Gal E, Fang H, Qin H, Boyajian G, Li N (2015) Comparison of STG+ with other GTL
Technologies. PGE_White-paper-GTL-Comparison-V32. www.primusge.com www.chemwinfo.com. Accessed 29 Feb 2020
240. ID:MRFR/CnM/5385-HCR-March 2020. https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/
ethanol-market-7304. Accessed 1 Mar 2020
241. Eagan, N. M, Kumbhalkar M.D, Buchanan, J. S, Dumesic, J. A, Huber, G.W (2019)
Chemistries and processes for the conversion of ethanol into middle distillate fuels, Nat Rev
Chem, 3, 223–249. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41570–019–0084-4
242. Johansson R, Hruby SL, Rass-Hansen J, Christensen CH (2009) The hydrocarbon pool in
ethanol-to-gasoline over HZSM-5 catalysts. Catal Lett 127:127–132. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s10562- 008- 9711- 2
243. Aguayo AT, Gayubo AG, Atutxa A, Olazar M, Bilbao J (2002) Kinetic Modelling of the
Transformation of Aqueous Ethanol into Hydrocarbons on a HZSM-5 Zeolite. J Ind Eng
Chem Res 41:4216–−4224. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie001115e
244. Costa E, Uguina A, Aguado J, Hernandez PJ (1985) Ethanol to gasoline process: effect of
variables, mechanism, and kinetics. Ind Eng Chem Process Des Dev 1985(24):239–244.
https://doi.org/10.1021/i200029a003
245. Talukdar AK, Bhattacharyya KG, Sivasanker S (1997) HZSM-5 catalysed conversion of
aqueous ethanol to hydrocarbons. Appl Catal A 148:357–−371. https://doi.org/10.1016/
S0926- 860X(96)00240- 2
246. Madeira FF, Ben Tayeb K, Pinard L, Vezin H, Maury S, Cadran N (2012) Ethanol
Transformation into hydrocarbons on ZSM-5 zeolites: Influence of Si/Al ratio on catalytic
performances and deactivation rate. Study of the radical species role. Appl Catal A 443:171–
−180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2012.07.037
247. Gayubo AG, Alonso A, Valle B, Aguayo AT, Olazar M, Bilbao J (2010) Hydrothermal stability of HZSM-5 catalysts modified with Ni for the transformation of bioethanol into hydrocarbons. Fuel 89:3365–−3372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2010.03.002
248. Saha SK, Sivasanker S (1992) Influence of Zn- and Ga-doping on the conversion of ethanol
to hydrocarbons over ZSM-5. Catal Lett 15:413–418. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00769166
249. Tynjala P, Pakkanen TT, Mustamaki S (1998) Modification of ZSM-5 Zeolite with Trimethyl
Phosphite. 2. Catalytic Properties in the Conversion of C1−C4 Alcohols. J Phys Chem B
102:5280–5286. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9806720
250. Viswanadham N, Saxena SK, Kumar J, Sreenivasulu P, Nandan D (2012) Catalytic performance of nano crystalline H-ZSM-5 in ethanol to gasoline (ETG) reaction. Fuel 95:298–304.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.08.058
R. Vinayagamoorthi et al.
232. Chang CD, Lang W, Smith R (1979) The conversion of methanol and other O- compounds
to hydrocarbons over zeolite catalysts: II. Pressure effects. J Catal 56:69–173. https://doi.
org/10.1016/0021- 9517(79)90103- 9
233. Chang, C. D, James, C.W, Kuo, J.C.W, Lang, W.H, Solomon M, Jacob, S.M, Wise,
J.J. Silvestri, A. J, (1978) Process studies on the conversion of methanol to gasoline, Ind Eng
Chem Process Des Dev, 17, 255–260. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/i260067a008
234. Yurchak S (1988) Development of Mobil’s fixed-bed methanol-to-gasoline (MTG) process.
Stud Surf Sci Catal 36:251–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167- 2991(09)60521- 8
235. Tabak S, Yurchak S (1990) Conversion of methanol over ZSM-5 to fuels and chemicals. Catal
Today 6:307–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/0920- 5861(90)85007- B
236. Tabak S, Heinritz-Adrian M, Brandl A, McGihon R, Brandl A (2008) An alternative route for
coal to liquid fuel-applying the exxon mobil methanol to gasoline (MTG) process, gasification technologies conference, 5–8 Oct, Washington, DC
237. Helton T, Hindman M (2014) Methanol to gasoline technology – an alternative for liquid fuel
production-GTL technology forum, Texas, USA, 30–31 Jul 2014
238. Udessen H (2013) TIGAS—Topsoe improved gasoline synthesis, 16th IMPCA-2013 Asian
methanol conference, 30 Oct to 1 Nov 2013
239. Gal E, Fang H, Qin H, Boyajian G, Li N (2015) Comparison of STG+ with other GTL
Technologies. PGE_White-paper-GTL-Comparison-V32. www.primusge.com www.chemwinfo.com. Accessed 29 Feb 2020
240. ID:MRFR/CnM/5385-HCR-March 2020. https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/
ethanol-market-7304. Accessed 1 Mar 2020
241. Eagan, N. M, Kumbhalkar M.D, Buchanan, J. S, Dumesic, J. A, Huber, G.W (2019)
Chemistries and processes for the conversion of ethanol into middle distillate fuels, Nat Rev
Chem, 3, 223–249. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41570–019–0084-4
242. Johansson R, Hruby SL, Rass-Hansen J, Christensen CH (2009) The hydrocarbon pool in
ethanol-to-gasoline over HZSM-5 catalysts. Catal Lett 127:127–132. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s10562- 008- 9711- 2
243. Aguayo AT, Gayubo AG, Atutxa A, Olazar M, Bilbao J (2002) Kinetic Modelling of the
Transformation of Aqueous Ethanol into Hydrocarbons on a HZSM-5 Zeolite. J Ind Eng
Chem Res 41:4216–−4224. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie001115e
244. Costa E, Uguina A, Aguado J, Hernandez PJ (1985) Ethanol to gasoline process: effect of
variables, mechanism, and kinetics. Ind Eng Chem Process Des Dev 1985(24):239–244.
https://doi.org/10.1021/i200029a003
245. Talukdar AK, Bhattacharyya KG, Sivasanker S (1997) HZSM-5 catalysed conversion of
aqueous ethanol to hydrocarbons. Appl Catal A 148:357–−371. https://doi.org/10.1016/
S0926- 860X(96)00240- 2
246. Madeira FF, Ben Tayeb K, Pinard L, Vezin H, Maury S, Cadran N (2012) Ethanol
Transformation into hydrocarbons on ZSM-5 zeolites: Influence of Si/Al ratio on catalytic
performances and deactivation rate. Study of the radical species role. Appl Catal A 443:171–
−180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2012.07.037
247. Gayubo AG, Alonso A, Valle B, Aguayo AT, Olazar M, Bilbao J (2010) Hydrothermal stability of HZSM-5 catalysts modified with Ni for the transformation of bioethanol into hydrocarbons. Fuel 89:3365–−3372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2010.03.002
248. Saha SK, Sivasanker S (1992) Influence of Zn- and Ga-doping on the conversion of ethanol
to hydrocarbons over ZSM-5. Catal Lett 15:413–418. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00769166
249. Tynjala P, Pakkanen TT, Mustamaki S (1998) Modification of ZSM-5 Zeolite with Trimethyl
Phosphite. 2. Catalytic Properties in the Conversion of C1−C4 Alcohols. J Phys Chem B
102:5280–5286. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9806720
250. Viswanadham N, Saxena SK, Kumar J, Sreenivasulu P, Nandan D (2012) Catalytic performance of nano crystalline H-ZSM-5 in ethanol to gasoline (ETG) reaction. Fuel 95:298–304.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.08.058
R. Vinayagamoorthi et al.