40
tion multi-cylinder CI engine fuelled by blends of de-inking sludge pyrolysis oil with biodiesel. Fuel 105:135–142
88. Ghidotti M (2017) Analytical methods for the characterisation of volatile and water-soluble
organic compounds in biochar. In: Relationships with thermal stability and seed germination. Alma
89. Hu X, Gholizadeh M (2019) Biomass pyrolysis: a review of the process development
and challenges from initial researches up to the commercialisation stage. J Energy Chem
39:109–143
90. Chen W, Yang H, Chen Y, Chen X, Fang Y, Chen H (2016) Biomass pyrolysis for nitrogencontaining liquid chemicals and nitrogen-doped carbon materials. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis
120:186–193
91. Mollinedo J, Schumacher TE, Chintala R (2015) Influence of feedstocks and pyrolysis
on biochar’s capacity to modify soil water retention characteristics. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis
114:100–108
92. Laird DA (2008) The charcoal vision: a win-win-win scenario for simultaneously producing
bioenergy, permanently sequestering carbon, while improving soil and water quality. Agron J
100(1):178–181
93. Hood-Nowotny R, Watzinger A, Wawra A, Soja G (2018) The impact of biochar incorporation on inorganic nitrogen fertilizer plant uptake; an opportunity for carbon sequestration in
temperate agriculture. Geosciences 8(11):420
94. Goyal HB, Seal D, Saxena RC (2008) Bio-fuels from thermochemical conversion of renewable resources: a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 12(2):504–517
95. Huber GW, Iborra S, Corma A (2006) Synthesis of transportation fuels from biomass: chemistry, catalysts, and engineering. Chem Rev 106(9):4044–4098
96. Ahmad M, Rajapaksha AU, Lim JE, Zhang M, Bolan N, Mohan D et al (2014) Biochar as a
sorbent for contaminant management in soil and water: a review. Chemosphere 99:19–33
97. Mohan D, Sarswat A, Ok YS, Pittman CU (2014) Organic and inorganic contaminants
removal from water with biochar, a renewable, low cost and sustainable adsorbent—a critical
review. Bioresour Technol 160:191–202
98. Mullen CA, Boateng AA, Goldberg NM, Lima IM, Laird DA, Hicks KB (2010) Bio-oil
and bio-char production from corn cobs and stover by fast pyrolysis. Biomass Bioenergy
34(1):67–74
99. Lede J, Diebold JP, Peacocke GVC, Piskorz J (1997) The nature and properties of intermediate and unvaporized biomass pyrolysis materials. In: Bridgwater AV, Boocock DGB
(eds) Developments in thermochemical biomass conversion, vol 1/2. Springer, Dordrecht,
pp 27–42
100. Isahak WNRW, Hisham MWM, Yarmo MA, T-y YH (2012) A review on bio-oil production
from biomass by using pyrolysis method. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 16(8):5910–5923
101. Milne T, Agblevor F, Davis M, Deutch S, Johnson D (1997) A review of the chemical composition of fast-pyrolysis oils from biomass. In: Bridgwater AV, Boocock DGB
(eds) Developments in thermochemical biomass conversion, vol 1/2. Springer, Dordrecht,
pp 409–424
102. Garcìa-Pérez M, Chaala A, Pakdel H, Kretschmer D, Rodrigue D, Roy C (2006) Multiphase
structure of bio-oils. Energy Fuel 20(1):364–375
103. Zhang S, Yan Y, Li T, Ren Z (2005) Upgrading of liquid fuel from the pyrolysis of biomass.
Bioresour Technol 96(5):545–550
104. Hornung U, Schneider D, Hornung A, Tumiatti V, Seifert H (2009) Sequential pyrolysis and
catalytic low temperature reforming of wheat straw. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 85(1):145–150
105. Li H, Xu Q, Xue H, Yan Y (2009) Catalytic reforming of the aqueous phase derived from
fast-pyrolysis of biomass. Renew Energy 34(12):2872–2877
106. Chiaramonti D, Bonini M, Fratini E, Tondi G, Gartner K, Bridgwater AV et al (2003)
Development of emulsions from biomass pyrolysis liquid and diesel and their use in
engines—part 2: tests in diesel engines. Biomass Bioenergy 25(1):101–111
H. Jahangiri et al.
tion multi-cylinder CI engine fuelled by blends of de-inking sludge pyrolysis oil with biodiesel. Fuel 105:135–142
88. Ghidotti M (2017) Analytical methods for the characterisation of volatile and water-soluble
organic compounds in biochar. In: Relationships with thermal stability and seed germination. Alma
89. Hu X, Gholizadeh M (2019) Biomass pyrolysis: a review of the process development
and challenges from initial researches up to the commercialisation stage. J Energy Chem
39:109–143
90. Chen W, Yang H, Chen Y, Chen X, Fang Y, Chen H (2016) Biomass pyrolysis for nitrogencontaining liquid chemicals and nitrogen-doped carbon materials. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis
120:186–193
91. Mollinedo J, Schumacher TE, Chintala R (2015) Influence of feedstocks and pyrolysis
on biochar’s capacity to modify soil water retention characteristics. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis
114:100–108
92. Laird DA (2008) The charcoal vision: a win-win-win scenario for simultaneously producing
bioenergy, permanently sequestering carbon, while improving soil and water quality. Agron J
100(1):178–181
93. Hood-Nowotny R, Watzinger A, Wawra A, Soja G (2018) The impact of biochar incorporation on inorganic nitrogen fertilizer plant uptake; an opportunity for carbon sequestration in
temperate agriculture. Geosciences 8(11):420
94. Goyal HB, Seal D, Saxena RC (2008) Bio-fuels from thermochemical conversion of renewable resources: a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 12(2):504–517
95. Huber GW, Iborra S, Corma A (2006) Synthesis of transportation fuels from biomass: chemistry, catalysts, and engineering. Chem Rev 106(9):4044–4098
96. Ahmad M, Rajapaksha AU, Lim JE, Zhang M, Bolan N, Mohan D et al (2014) Biochar as a
sorbent for contaminant management in soil and water: a review. Chemosphere 99:19–33
97. Mohan D, Sarswat A, Ok YS, Pittman CU (2014) Organic and inorganic contaminants
removal from water with biochar, a renewable, low cost and sustainable adsorbent—a critical
review. Bioresour Technol 160:191–202
98. Mullen CA, Boateng AA, Goldberg NM, Lima IM, Laird DA, Hicks KB (2010) Bio-oil
and bio-char production from corn cobs and stover by fast pyrolysis. Biomass Bioenergy
34(1):67–74
99. Lede J, Diebold JP, Peacocke GVC, Piskorz J (1997) The nature and properties of intermediate and unvaporized biomass pyrolysis materials. In: Bridgwater AV, Boocock DGB
(eds) Developments in thermochemical biomass conversion, vol 1/2. Springer, Dordrecht,
pp 27–42
100. Isahak WNRW, Hisham MWM, Yarmo MA, T-y YH (2012) A review on bio-oil production
from biomass by using pyrolysis method. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 16(8):5910–5923
101. Milne T, Agblevor F, Davis M, Deutch S, Johnson D (1997) A review of the chemical composition of fast-pyrolysis oils from biomass. In: Bridgwater AV, Boocock DGB
(eds) Developments in thermochemical biomass conversion, vol 1/2. Springer, Dordrecht,
pp 409–424
102. Garcìa-Pérez M, Chaala A, Pakdel H, Kretschmer D, Rodrigue D, Roy C (2006) Multiphase
structure of bio-oils. Energy Fuel 20(1):364–375
103. Zhang S, Yan Y, Li T, Ren Z (2005) Upgrading of liquid fuel from the pyrolysis of biomass.
Bioresour Technol 96(5):545–550
104. Hornung U, Schneider D, Hornung A, Tumiatti V, Seifert H (2009) Sequential pyrolysis and
catalytic low temperature reforming of wheat straw. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 85(1):145–150
105. Li H, Xu Q, Xue H, Yan Y (2009) Catalytic reforming of the aqueous phase derived from
fast-pyrolysis of biomass. Renew Energy 34(12):2872–2877
106. Chiaramonti D, Bonini M, Fratini E, Tondi G, Gartner K, Bridgwater AV et al (2003)
Development of emulsions from biomass pyrolysis liquid and diesel and their use in
engines—part 2: tests in diesel engines. Biomass Bioenergy 25(1):101–111
H. Jahangiri et al.