41
107. Gust S (1997) Combustion experiences of flash pyrolysis fuel in intermediate size boilers. In:
Bridgwater AV, Boocock DGB (eds) Developments in thermochemical biomass conversion,
vol 1/2. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 481–488
108. Balat M (2011) An overview of the properties and applications of biomass pyrolysis oils.
Energy Sources Pt A Recov Utilization Environ Eff 33(7):674–689
109. Park YK, Yoo ML, Heo HS, Lee HW, Park SH, Jung SC et al (2012) Wild reed of Suncheon
Bay: potential bio-energy source. Renew Energy 42:168–172
110. Uddin MN, Daud WMAW, Abbas HF (2014) Effects of pyrolysis parameters on hydrogen
formations from biomass: a review. RSC Adv 4(21):10467–10490
111. Yang HP, Yan R, Chen HP, Lee DH, Zheng CG (2007) Characteristics of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin pyrolysis. Fuel 86(12–13):1781–1788
112. Guoxin H, Hao H, Yanhong L (2009) Hydrogen-rich gas production from pyrolysis of biomass in an autogenerated steam atmosphere. Energy Fuel 23(3):1748–1753
113. Dasappa S, Paul PJ, Mukunda HS, Rajan NKS, Sridhar G, Sridhar HV (2004) Biomass gasification technology—a route to meet energy needs. Curr Sci India 87(7):908–916
114. Hasan MDM, Wang XS, Mourant D, Gunawan R, Yu C, Hu X et al (2017) Grinding pyrolysis
of Mallee wood: effects of pyrolysis conditions on the yields of bio-oil and biochar. Fuel
Process Technol 167:215–220
115. He M, Xiao B, Liu S, Hu Z, Guo X, Luo S et al (2010) Syngas production from pyrolysis of
municipal solid waste (MSW) with dolomite as downstream catalysts. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis
87(2):181–187
116. Santos J, Ouadi M, Jahangiri H, Hornung A (2020) Valorisation of lignocellulosic biomass
investigating different pyrolysis temperatures. J Energy Inst 93(5):1960–1969
117. Bashir MA, Jahangiri H, Hornung A, Ouadi M (2021) Deoxygenation of Bio-oil from
Calcium-Rich Paper-Mill Waste. Chem Eng Technol 44(1):194–202
118. Vamvuka D (2011) Bio-oil, solid and gaseous biofuels from biomass pyrolysis processes—an
overview. Int J Energ Res 35(10):835–862
119. Morf P, Hasler P, Nussbaumer T (2002) Mechanisms and kinetics of homogeneous secondary
reactions of tar from continuous pyrolysis of wood chips. Fuel 81(7):843–853
120. Van de Velden M, Baeyens J, Brems A, Janssens B, Dewil R (2010) Fundamentals, kinetics
and endothermicity of the biomass pyrolysis reaction. Renew Energy 35(1):232–242
121. Zhang L, Hu X, Hu K, Hu C, Zhang Z, Liu Q et al (2018) Progress in the reforming of bio-oil
derived carboxylic acids for hydrogen generation. J Power Sources 403:137–156
122. Shen J, Wang X-S, Garcia-Perez M, Mourant D, Rhodes MJ, Li C-Z (2009) Effects of particle
size on the fast pyrolysis of oil mallee woody biomass. Fuel 88(10):1810–1817
123. Williams PT, Besler S (1996) The influence of temperature and heating rate on the slow
pyrolysis of biomass. Renew Energy 7(3):233–250
124. Akhtar J, Saidina Amin N (2012) A review on operating parameters for optimum liquid oil
yield in biomass pyrolysis. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 16(7):5101–5109
125. Fahmi R, Bridgwater AV, Donnison I, Yates N, Jones JM (2008) The effect of lignin and inorganic species in biomass on pyrolysis oil yields, quality and stability. Fuel 87(7):1230–1240
126. Roy C, Pakdel H, Brouillard D (1990) The role of extractives during vacuum pyrolysis of
wood. J Appl Polym Sci 41(1–2):337–348
127. Kallioinen A, Vaari A, Rättö M, Konn J, Siika-aho M, Viikari L (2003) Effects of bacterial
treatments on wood extractives. J Biotechnol 103(1):67–76
128. Scott DS, Paterson L, Piskorz J, Radlein D (2001) Pretreatment of poplar wood for fast
pyrolysis: rate of cation removal. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 57(2):169–176
129. Santos J, Ouadi M, Jahangiri H, Hornung A (2019) Integrated intermediate catalytic pyrolysis of wheat husk. Food Bioprod Process 114:23–30
130. Yang Y, Brammer JG, Ouadi M, Samanya J, Hornung A, Xu HM et al (2013)
Characterisation of waste derived intermediate pyrolysis oils for use as diesel engine
fuels. Fuel 103:247–257
131. Fivga A, Jahangiri H, Bashir MA, Majewski AJ, Hornung A, Ouadi M (2020) Demonstration
of catalytic properties of de-inking sludge char as a carbon based sacrificial catalyst. J Anal
Appl Pyrolysis 146:104773
Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass and Upgrading of Bio-Products to Produce…
107. Gust S (1997) Combustion experiences of flash pyrolysis fuel in intermediate size boilers. In:
Bridgwater AV, Boocock DGB (eds) Developments in thermochemical biomass conversion,
vol 1/2. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 481–488
108. Balat M (2011) An overview of the properties and applications of biomass pyrolysis oils.
Energy Sources Pt A Recov Utilization Environ Eff 33(7):674–689
109. Park YK, Yoo ML, Heo HS, Lee HW, Park SH, Jung SC et al (2012) Wild reed of Suncheon
Bay: potential bio-energy source. Renew Energy 42:168–172
110. Uddin MN, Daud WMAW, Abbas HF (2014) Effects of pyrolysis parameters on hydrogen
formations from biomass: a review. RSC Adv 4(21):10467–10490
111. Yang HP, Yan R, Chen HP, Lee DH, Zheng CG (2007) Characteristics of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin pyrolysis. Fuel 86(12–13):1781–1788
112. Guoxin H, Hao H, Yanhong L (2009) Hydrogen-rich gas production from pyrolysis of biomass in an autogenerated steam atmosphere. Energy Fuel 23(3):1748–1753
113. Dasappa S, Paul PJ, Mukunda HS, Rajan NKS, Sridhar G, Sridhar HV (2004) Biomass gasification technology—a route to meet energy needs. Curr Sci India 87(7):908–916
114. Hasan MDM, Wang XS, Mourant D, Gunawan R, Yu C, Hu X et al (2017) Grinding pyrolysis
of Mallee wood: effects of pyrolysis conditions on the yields of bio-oil and biochar. Fuel
Process Technol 167:215–220
115. He M, Xiao B, Liu S, Hu Z, Guo X, Luo S et al (2010) Syngas production from pyrolysis of
municipal solid waste (MSW) with dolomite as downstream catalysts. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis
87(2):181–187
116. Santos J, Ouadi M, Jahangiri H, Hornung A (2020) Valorisation of lignocellulosic biomass
investigating different pyrolysis temperatures. J Energy Inst 93(5):1960–1969
117. Bashir MA, Jahangiri H, Hornung A, Ouadi M (2021) Deoxygenation of Bio-oil from
Calcium-Rich Paper-Mill Waste. Chem Eng Technol 44(1):194–202
118. Vamvuka D (2011) Bio-oil, solid and gaseous biofuels from biomass pyrolysis processes—an
overview. Int J Energ Res 35(10):835–862
119. Morf P, Hasler P, Nussbaumer T (2002) Mechanisms and kinetics of homogeneous secondary
reactions of tar from continuous pyrolysis of wood chips. Fuel 81(7):843–853
120. Van de Velden M, Baeyens J, Brems A, Janssens B, Dewil R (2010) Fundamentals, kinetics
and endothermicity of the biomass pyrolysis reaction. Renew Energy 35(1):232–242
121. Zhang L, Hu X, Hu K, Hu C, Zhang Z, Liu Q et al (2018) Progress in the reforming of bio-oil
derived carboxylic acids for hydrogen generation. J Power Sources 403:137–156
122. Shen J, Wang X-S, Garcia-Perez M, Mourant D, Rhodes MJ, Li C-Z (2009) Effects of particle
size on the fast pyrolysis of oil mallee woody biomass. Fuel 88(10):1810–1817
123. Williams PT, Besler S (1996) The influence of temperature and heating rate on the slow
pyrolysis of biomass. Renew Energy 7(3):233–250
124. Akhtar J, Saidina Amin N (2012) A review on operating parameters for optimum liquid oil
yield in biomass pyrolysis. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 16(7):5101–5109
125. Fahmi R, Bridgwater AV, Donnison I, Yates N, Jones JM (2008) The effect of lignin and inorganic species in biomass on pyrolysis oil yields, quality and stability. Fuel 87(7):1230–1240
126. Roy C, Pakdel H, Brouillard D (1990) The role of extractives during vacuum pyrolysis of
wood. J Appl Polym Sci 41(1–2):337–348
127. Kallioinen A, Vaari A, Rättö M, Konn J, Siika-aho M, Viikari L (2003) Effects of bacterial
treatments on wood extractives. J Biotechnol 103(1):67–76
128. Scott DS, Paterson L, Piskorz J, Radlein D (2001) Pretreatment of poplar wood for fast
pyrolysis: rate of cation removal. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 57(2):169–176
129. Santos J, Ouadi M, Jahangiri H, Hornung A (2019) Integrated intermediate catalytic pyrolysis of wheat husk. Food Bioprod Process 114:23–30
130. Yang Y, Brammer JG, Ouadi M, Samanya J, Hornung A, Xu HM et al (2013)
Characterisation of waste derived intermediate pyrolysis oils for use as diesel engine
fuels. Fuel 103:247–257
131. Fivga A, Jahangiri H, Bashir MA, Majewski AJ, Hornung A, Ouadi M (2020) Demonstration
of catalytic properties of de-inking sludge char as a carbon based sacrificial catalyst. J Anal
Appl Pyrolysis 146:104773
Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass and Upgrading of Bio-Products to Produce…