425
78. He G, Zhang SY, Nack WA, Li Q, Chen G (2013) Use of a Readily Removable Auxiliary
Group for the Synthesis of Pyrrolidones by the Palladium‐catalyzed intramolecular amination of unactivated γ C(sp
3
)-H bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed 52:11124–11128
79. Zhang Q, Chen K, Rao W, Zhang Y, Chen FJ, Shi BF (2013) Stereoselective synthesis of chiral α‐amino‐β‐lactams through palladium(II)‐catalyzed sequential monoarylation/amidation
of C(sp
3
)-H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed 52:13588–13592
80. Ling PX, Fang SL, Yin XS, Zhang Q, Chen K, Shi BF (2017) Palladium-catalyzed sequential
monoarylation/amidation of C(sp
3
)–H bonds: stereoselective synthesis of α-amino-β-lactams
and anti-α,β-diamino acid. Chem Commun 53:6351–6354
81. Sun WW, Cao P, Mei RQ, Li Y, Ma YL, Wu B (2014) Palladium-catalyzed unactivated
C(sp
3 )–H bond activation and intramolecular amination of carboxamides: A new approach to
β-lactams. Org Lett 16:480–483
82. Zhang SJ, Sun WW, Cao P, Dong XP, Liu JK, Wu B (2016) Stereoselective synthesis of
diazabicyclic β-lactams through intramolecular amination of unactivated C(sp
3 )–H bonds of
carboxamides by palladium catalysis. J Org Chem 81:956–968
83. Wang Z, Ni J, Kuninobu Y, Kanai M (2014) Copper‐catalyzed intramolecular C(sp
3
)-H and
C(sp
2 )-H amidation by oxidative cyclization. Angew Chem Int Ed 53:3496–3499
84. Wu X, Zhao Y, Zhang G, Ge H (2014) Copper‐catalyzed site‐selective intramolecular amidation of unactivated C(sp
3 )-H bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed 53:3706–3710
85. Wang C, Yang Y, Qin D, He Z, You J (2015) Copper-catalyzed intramolecular dehydrogenative amidation of unactivated C(sp
3
)–H bonds using O 2 as the sole oxidant. J Org Chem
80:8424–8429
86. Desai LV, Malik HA, Sanford MS (2006) Oxone as an inexpensive, safe, and environmentally
benign oxidant for C−H bond oxygenation. Org Lett 8:1141–1144
87. Wang GW, Yuan TT (2010) Palladium-catalyzed alkoxylation of N-methoxybenzamides via
direct sp
2 C−H bond activation. J Org Chem 75:476–479
88. Suess AM, Ertem MZ, Cramer CJ, Stahl SS (2013) Divergence between organometallic and
single-electron-transfer mechanisms in copper(II)-mediated aerobic C–H oxidation. J Am
Chem Soc 135:9797–9804
89. Aihara Y, Chatani N (2014) Nickel-catalyzed direct arylation of C(sp
3 )–H bonds in aliphatic
amides via bidentate-chelation assistance. J Am Chem Soc 136:898–901
90. Wu XS, Zhao Y, Ge HB (2014) Nickel-catalyzed site-selective alkylation of unactivated
C(sp
3 )–H bonds. J Am Chem Soc 136:1789–1792
91. Li ML, Dong JX, Huang XL, Li KZ, Wu Q, Song FJ, You JS (2014) Nickel-catalyzed
chelation-assisted direct arylation of unactivated C(sp
3
)–H bonds with aryl halides. Chem
Commun 50:3944–3946
92. Wu X, Zhao Y, Ge H (2014) Nickel‐catalyzed site‐selective amidation of unactivated C(sp
3
)-H
bonds. Chem Eur J 20:9530–9533
93. Aihara Y, Chatani N (2016) Nickel-catalyzed reaction of C–H bonds in amides with I 2 : orthoiodination via the cleavage of C(sp
2 )–H bonds and oxidative cyclization to β-lactams via the
cleavage of C(sp
3 )–H bonds. ACS Catal 6:4323–4329
94. Wu X, Yang K, Zhao Y, Sun H, Li G, Ge H (2015) Cobalt-catalysed site-selective intraand intermolecular dehydrogenative amination of unactivated sp
3
carbons. Nature Commun
6:6462. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7462
95. Gou Q, Liu G, Liu ZN, Qin J (2015) PdII‐catalyzed intermolecular amination of unactivated
C(sp
3 )-H bonds. Chem Eur J 21:15491–15495
96. Bai HY, Ma ZG, Yi M, Lin JB, Zhang SY (2017) Palladium-catalyzed direct intermolecular amination of unactivated methylene C(sp
3 )–H bonds with azodiformates via bidentatechelation assistance. ACS Catal 7:2042–2046
97. Kanyiva KS, Kuninobu Y, Kanai M (2014) Palladium-catalyzed direct C–H silylation and
germanylation of benzamides and carboxamides. Org Lett 16:1968–1971
C(sp
3
)–H Bond Hetero-functionalization of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acid Equivalents…
78. He G, Zhang SY, Nack WA, Li Q, Chen G (2013) Use of a Readily Removable Auxiliary
Group for the Synthesis of Pyrrolidones by the Palladium‐catalyzed intramolecular amination of unactivated γ C(sp
3
)-H bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed 52:11124–11128
79. Zhang Q, Chen K, Rao W, Zhang Y, Chen FJ, Shi BF (2013) Stereoselective synthesis of chiral α‐amino‐β‐lactams through palladium(II)‐catalyzed sequential monoarylation/amidation
of C(sp
3
)-H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed 52:13588–13592
80. Ling PX, Fang SL, Yin XS, Zhang Q, Chen K, Shi BF (2017) Palladium-catalyzed sequential
monoarylation/amidation of C(sp
3
)–H bonds: stereoselective synthesis of α-amino-β-lactams
and anti-α,β-diamino acid. Chem Commun 53:6351–6354
81. Sun WW, Cao P, Mei RQ, Li Y, Ma YL, Wu B (2014) Palladium-catalyzed unactivated
C(sp
3 )–H bond activation and intramolecular amination of carboxamides: A new approach to
β-lactams. Org Lett 16:480–483
82. Zhang SJ, Sun WW, Cao P, Dong XP, Liu JK, Wu B (2016) Stereoselective synthesis of
diazabicyclic β-lactams through intramolecular amination of unactivated C(sp
3 )–H bonds of
carboxamides by palladium catalysis. J Org Chem 81:956–968
83. Wang Z, Ni J, Kuninobu Y, Kanai M (2014) Copper‐catalyzed intramolecular C(sp
3
)-H and
C(sp
2 )-H amidation by oxidative cyclization. Angew Chem Int Ed 53:3496–3499
84. Wu X, Zhao Y, Zhang G, Ge H (2014) Copper‐catalyzed site‐selective intramolecular amidation of unactivated C(sp
3 )-H bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed 53:3706–3710
85. Wang C, Yang Y, Qin D, He Z, You J (2015) Copper-catalyzed intramolecular dehydrogenative amidation of unactivated C(sp
3
)–H bonds using O 2 as the sole oxidant. J Org Chem
80:8424–8429
86. Desai LV, Malik HA, Sanford MS (2006) Oxone as an inexpensive, safe, and environmentally
benign oxidant for C−H bond oxygenation. Org Lett 8:1141–1144
87. Wang GW, Yuan TT (2010) Palladium-catalyzed alkoxylation of N-methoxybenzamides via
direct sp
2 C−H bond activation. J Org Chem 75:476–479
88. Suess AM, Ertem MZ, Cramer CJ, Stahl SS (2013) Divergence between organometallic and
single-electron-transfer mechanisms in copper(II)-mediated aerobic C–H oxidation. J Am
Chem Soc 135:9797–9804
89. Aihara Y, Chatani N (2014) Nickel-catalyzed direct arylation of C(sp
3 )–H bonds in aliphatic
amides via bidentate-chelation assistance. J Am Chem Soc 136:898–901
90. Wu XS, Zhao Y, Ge HB (2014) Nickel-catalyzed site-selective alkylation of unactivated
C(sp
3 )–H bonds. J Am Chem Soc 136:1789–1792
91. Li ML, Dong JX, Huang XL, Li KZ, Wu Q, Song FJ, You JS (2014) Nickel-catalyzed
chelation-assisted direct arylation of unactivated C(sp
3
)–H bonds with aryl halides. Chem
Commun 50:3944–3946
92. Wu X, Zhao Y, Ge H (2014) Nickel‐catalyzed site‐selective amidation of unactivated C(sp
3
)-H
bonds. Chem Eur J 20:9530–9533
93. Aihara Y, Chatani N (2016) Nickel-catalyzed reaction of C–H bonds in amides with I 2 : orthoiodination via the cleavage of C(sp
2 )–H bonds and oxidative cyclization to β-lactams via the
cleavage of C(sp
3 )–H bonds. ACS Catal 6:4323–4329
94. Wu X, Yang K, Zhao Y, Sun H, Li G, Ge H (2015) Cobalt-catalysed site-selective intraand intermolecular dehydrogenative amination of unactivated sp
3
carbons. Nature Commun
6:6462. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7462
95. Gou Q, Liu G, Liu ZN, Qin J (2015) PdII‐catalyzed intermolecular amination of unactivated
C(sp
3 )-H bonds. Chem Eur J 21:15491–15495
96. Bai HY, Ma ZG, Yi M, Lin JB, Zhang SY (2017) Palladium-catalyzed direct intermolecular amination of unactivated methylene C(sp
3 )–H bonds with azodiformates via bidentatechelation assistance. ACS Catal 7:2042–2046
97. Kanyiva KS, Kuninobu Y, Kanai M (2014) Palladium-catalyzed direct C–H silylation and
germanylation of benzamides and carboxamides. Org Lett 16:1968–1971
C(sp
3
)–H Bond Hetero-functionalization of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acid Equivalents…