424
55. Liu J, Chen G, Tan Z (2016) Copper‐catalyzed or‐mediated C–H bond functionalizations
assisted by bidentate directing groups. Adv Synth Catal 358:1174–1194
56. Reddy BVS, Reddy LR, Corey EJ (2006) Novel acetoxylation and C−C coupling reactions
at unactivated positions in α-amino acid derivatives. Org Lett 8:3391–3394
57. Caldwell CG, Bondy SS (1990) A convenient synthesis of enantiomerically pure (2S,3S)- or
(2R,3R)-3-hydroxyleucine. Synthesis 34–36
58. Panek JS, Masse CE (1998) An improved synthesis of (4S,5S)-2-phenyl-4(methoxycarbonyl)-5-isopropyloxazoline from (S)-phenylglycinol. J Org Chem
63:2382–2384
59. MacMillan JB, Molinsky TF (2002) Lobocyclamide B from Lyngbya confervoides. configuration and asymmetric synthesis of β-hydroxy-α-amino acids by (−)-Sparteine-mediated
aldol addition. Org Lett 4:1883–1886
60. Saravanan P, Corey EJ (2003) A short, stereocontrolled, and practical synthesis of
α-methylomuralide, a potent inhibitor of proteasome function. J Org Chem 68:2760–2764
61. Wang Z, Kuninobu Y, Kanai M (2014) Copper-mediated direct C(sp
3 )–H and C(sp
2
)–H acetoxylation. Org Lett 16:4790–4793
62. Rit RK, Yadav MR, Sahoo AK (2012) Pd(II)-catalyzed primary-C(sp
3
)–H acyloxylation at
room temperature. Org Lett 14:3724–3727
63. Rit RK, Yadav MR, Ghosh K, Sahoo AK (2015) Reusable directing groups [8- aminoquinoline,
picolinamide, sulfoximine] in C(sp
3
)–H bond activation: present and future. Tetrahedron
71:4450–4459
64. Shan G, Yang X, Zong Y, Rao Y (2013) An efficient palladium‐catalyzed C-H alkoxylation
of unactivated methylene and methyl groups with cyclic hypervalent iodine (I3+) oxidants.
Angew Chem Int Ed 52:13606–13610
65. Zong Y, Rao Y (2014) Developing Pd(II) catalyzed double sp
3
C–H alkoxylation for synthesis
of symmetric and unsymmetric acetals. Org Lett 16:5278–5281
66. Chen FJ, Zhao S, Hu F, Chen K, Zhang Q, Zhang SQ, Shi BF (2013) Pd(II)-catalyzed alkoxylation of unactivated C(sp
3
)–H and C(sp
2 )–H bonds using a removable directing group:
efficient synthesis of alkyl ethers. Chem Sci 4:4187–4192
67. Jerhaoui S, Djukic JP, Wencel-Delord J, Colobert F (2017) Stereoselective sulfinyl aniline‐
promoted Pd‐catalyzed C−H arylation and acetoxylation of aliphatic amides. Chem Eur J
23:15594–15600
68. Kim Y, Kim S, Kang D, Sohn T, Jang E, Baik M, Hong S (2018) Stereoselective construction
of sterically hindered oxaspirocycles via chiral bidentate directing group-mediated C(sp
3
)–O
bond formation. Chem Sci 9:1473–1480
69. Hegedus LL, McCabe RW (eds) (1984) Catalyst poisoning. Marcel Dekker, New York
70. Yan SY, Liu YJ, Liu B, Liu YH, Zhang ZZ, Shi BF (2015) Nickel-catalyzed direct thiolation
of unactivated C(sp
3 )–H bonds with disulfides. Chem Commun 51:7341–7344
71. Wang X, Qiu R, Yan C, Reddy VP, Zhu L, Xu X, Yin SF (2015) Nickel-catalyzed direct thiolation of C(sp
3
)–H bonds in aliphatic amides. Org Lett 17:1970–1973
72. Ye X, Petersen JL, Shi X (2015) Nickel-catalyzed directed sulfenylation of sp
2 and sp
3
C–H
bonds. Chem Commun 51:7863–7866
73. Rao WH, Zhan BB, Chen K, Ling PX, Zhang ZZ, Shi BF (2015) Pd(II)-catalyzed direct
sulfonylation of unactivated C(sp
3 )–H bonds with sodium sulfinates. Org Lett 17:3552–3555
74. Xiong HY, Besset T, Cahard D, Pannecoucke X (2015) Palladium(II)-catalyzed directed trifluoromethylthiolation of unactivated C(sp
3 )–H bonds. J Org Chem 80:4204–4212
75. Topczewski JJ, Sanford MS (2015) Carbon–hydrogen (C–H) bond activation at PdIV: a
Frontier in C–H functionalization catalysis. Chem Sci 6 :70–76
76. Canty AJ, Ariafard A, Yates BF, Sanford MS (2015) Computational study of intramolecular
arene palladation at a palladium(IV) center. Organometallics 34:1085–1090
77. Guin S, Deb A, Dolui P, Chakraborty S, Singh VK, Maiti D (2018) Promoting highly diastereoselective γ-C–H chalcogenation of α-amino acids and aliphatic carboxylic acids. ACS
Catal 8:2664–2669
A. Gupta et al.
55. Liu J, Chen G, Tan Z (2016) Copper‐catalyzed or‐mediated C–H bond functionalizations
assisted by bidentate directing groups. Adv Synth Catal 358:1174–1194
56. Reddy BVS, Reddy LR, Corey EJ (2006) Novel acetoxylation and C−C coupling reactions
at unactivated positions in α-amino acid derivatives. Org Lett 8:3391–3394
57. Caldwell CG, Bondy SS (1990) A convenient synthesis of enantiomerically pure (2S,3S)- or
(2R,3R)-3-hydroxyleucine. Synthesis 34–36
58. Panek JS, Masse CE (1998) An improved synthesis of (4S,5S)-2-phenyl-4(methoxycarbonyl)-5-isopropyloxazoline from (S)-phenylglycinol. J Org Chem
63:2382–2384
59. MacMillan JB, Molinsky TF (2002) Lobocyclamide B from Lyngbya confervoides. configuration and asymmetric synthesis of β-hydroxy-α-amino acids by (−)-Sparteine-mediated
aldol addition. Org Lett 4:1883–1886
60. Saravanan P, Corey EJ (2003) A short, stereocontrolled, and practical synthesis of
α-methylomuralide, a potent inhibitor of proteasome function. J Org Chem 68:2760–2764
61. Wang Z, Kuninobu Y, Kanai M (2014) Copper-mediated direct C(sp
3 )–H and C(sp
2
)–H acetoxylation. Org Lett 16:4790–4793
62. Rit RK, Yadav MR, Sahoo AK (2012) Pd(II)-catalyzed primary-C(sp
3
)–H acyloxylation at
room temperature. Org Lett 14:3724–3727
63. Rit RK, Yadav MR, Ghosh K, Sahoo AK (2015) Reusable directing groups [8- aminoquinoline,
picolinamide, sulfoximine] in C(sp
3
)–H bond activation: present and future. Tetrahedron
71:4450–4459
64. Shan G, Yang X, Zong Y, Rao Y (2013) An efficient palladium‐catalyzed C-H alkoxylation
of unactivated methylene and methyl groups with cyclic hypervalent iodine (I3+) oxidants.
Angew Chem Int Ed 52:13606–13610
65. Zong Y, Rao Y (2014) Developing Pd(II) catalyzed double sp
3
C–H alkoxylation for synthesis
of symmetric and unsymmetric acetals. Org Lett 16:5278–5281
66. Chen FJ, Zhao S, Hu F, Chen K, Zhang Q, Zhang SQ, Shi BF (2013) Pd(II)-catalyzed alkoxylation of unactivated C(sp
3
)–H and C(sp
2 )–H bonds using a removable directing group:
efficient synthesis of alkyl ethers. Chem Sci 4:4187–4192
67. Jerhaoui S, Djukic JP, Wencel-Delord J, Colobert F (2017) Stereoselective sulfinyl aniline‐
promoted Pd‐catalyzed C−H arylation and acetoxylation of aliphatic amides. Chem Eur J
23:15594–15600
68. Kim Y, Kim S, Kang D, Sohn T, Jang E, Baik M, Hong S (2018) Stereoselective construction
of sterically hindered oxaspirocycles via chiral bidentate directing group-mediated C(sp
3
)–O
bond formation. Chem Sci 9:1473–1480
69. Hegedus LL, McCabe RW (eds) (1984) Catalyst poisoning. Marcel Dekker, New York
70. Yan SY, Liu YJ, Liu B, Liu YH, Zhang ZZ, Shi BF (2015) Nickel-catalyzed direct thiolation
of unactivated C(sp
3 )–H bonds with disulfides. Chem Commun 51:7341–7344
71. Wang X, Qiu R, Yan C, Reddy VP, Zhu L, Xu X, Yin SF (2015) Nickel-catalyzed direct thiolation of C(sp
3
)–H bonds in aliphatic amides. Org Lett 17:1970–1973
72. Ye X, Petersen JL, Shi X (2015) Nickel-catalyzed directed sulfenylation of sp
2 and sp
3
C–H
bonds. Chem Commun 51:7863–7866
73. Rao WH, Zhan BB, Chen K, Ling PX, Zhang ZZ, Shi BF (2015) Pd(II)-catalyzed direct
sulfonylation of unactivated C(sp
3 )–H bonds with sodium sulfinates. Org Lett 17:3552–3555
74. Xiong HY, Besset T, Cahard D, Pannecoucke X (2015) Palladium(II)-catalyzed directed trifluoromethylthiolation of unactivated C(sp
3 )–H bonds. J Org Chem 80:4204–4212
75. Topczewski JJ, Sanford MS (2015) Carbon–hydrogen (C–H) bond activation at PdIV: a
Frontier in C–H functionalization catalysis. Chem Sci 6 :70–76
76. Canty AJ, Ariafard A, Yates BF, Sanford MS (2015) Computational study of intramolecular
arene palladation at a palladium(IV) center. Organometallics 34:1085–1090
77. Guin S, Deb A, Dolui P, Chakraborty S, Singh VK, Maiti D (2018) Promoting highly diastereoselective γ-C–H chalcogenation of α-amino acids and aliphatic carboxylic acids. ACS
Catal 8:2664–2669
A. Gupta et al.