377
86. Kitagawa S, Mitsuru K (1998) Functional micropore chemistry of crystalline metal complexassembled compounds. Bull Chem Soc Jpn 71:1739–1753
87. Lin W, Wang Z, Ma L (1999) A novel Octupolar metal−organic NLO material based on a
chiral 2D coordination network. J Am Chem Soc 121:11249–11250. https://doi.org/10.1021/
ja9928327
88. Link AJ, Tirrell DA (2003) Cell surface labeling of Escherichia coli via copper(I)-catalyzed
[3+2] Cycloaddition. J Am Chem Soc 125:11164–11165. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja036765z
89. Bai Y, Dou Y, Xie LH et al (2016) Zr-based metal-organic frameworks: design, synthesis, structure, and applications. Chem Soc Rev 45:2327–2367. https://doi.org/10.1039/
c5cs00837a
90. Cavka JH, Jakobsen S, Olsbye U et al (2008) A new zirconium inorganic building brick forming metal organic frameworks with exceptional stability. J Am Chem Soc 130:13850–13851.
https://doi.org/10.1021/ja8057953
91. Ling S, Slater B (2016) Dynamic acidity in defective UiO-66. Chem Sci 7:4706–4712.
https://doi.org/10.1039/C5SC04953A
92. Serrano-Ruiz JC, Wang D, Dumesic JA (2010) Catalytic upgrading of levulinic acid to
5- nonanone. Green Chem 12:574–557. https://doi.org/10.1039/b923907c
93. Cirujano FG, Corma A, Llabrés FX (2014) Conversion of levulinic acid into chemicals: synthesis of biomass derived levulinate esters over Zr-containing MOFs. Chem Eng Sci 124:1–9.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2014.09.047
94. Wang F, Chen Z, Chen H et al (2019) Interplay of Lewis and Brønsted acid sites in Zr-based
metal-organic frameworks for efficient esterification of biomass-derived levulinic acid. ACS
Appl Mater Interfaces 11:32090–32096. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b07769
95. Klet RC, Liu Y, Wang TC et al (2016) Evaluation of Brønsted acidity and proton topology
in Zr- and Hf-based metal–organic frameworks using potentiometric acid–base titration. J
Mater Chem A 4:1479–1485. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TA07687K
96. Herbst A, Janiak C (2017) MOF catalysts in biomass upgrading towards value-added fine
chemicals. CrystEngComm 19:4092–4117. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ce01782g
97. Kokare MB, V R, Mathpati CS (2018) Response surface optimization, kinetic study and
process design of n-butyl levulinate synthesis. Chem Eng Res Des 137:577–588. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.cherd.2018.07.036
98. Ramli NAS, Zaharuddin NH, Amin NAS (2017) Esterification of renewable levilinic acid to
levulinate esters using Amberlyst 15 as a solid acid catalyst. J Teknol https://doi.org/10.11113/
jt.v79.8095
99. M. M. Sharma (1990) CSIR distinguished lectures selectivity engineering, New Delhi
100. Ramli NAS, Hisham NI, Amin NAS (2018) Esterification of levulinic acid to levulinate estersin the presence of sulfated silica catalyst. Sains Malaysiana 47(6):1131–1138
101. Berty JM (ed) (1999) Studies in surface science and catalysis. In: Experiments in catalytic
reaction engineering. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 261–268
102. Hu L, Lin L, Wu Z et al (2015) Chemocatalytic hydrolysis of cellulose into glucose over
solid acid catalysts. Appl Catal B Environ 174–175:225–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
apcatb.2015.03.003
103. Yamaguchi A, Sato O, Mimura N, Shirai M (2016) Catalytic production of sugar alcohols from lignocellulosic biomass. Catal Today 265:199–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
cattod.2015.08.026
104. Fang S, Qingyin W, Daiyu S, Xianghuan Z, Mei W, Yihang G (2013) Pore morphologycontrolled preparation of ZrO 2 -based hybrid catalysts functionalized by both organosilica
moieties and Keggin-type heteropoly acid for the synthesis of levulinate esters. J Mater Chem
A 1(42):13209–13221. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ta12412f
105. Kuwahara Y, Kaburagi W, Nemoto K, Fujitani T (2014) Applied catalysis a: general esterification of levulinic acid with ethanol over sulfated Si-doped ZrO 2 solid acid catalyst:
study of the structure – activity relationships. Appl Catal A Gen 476:186–196. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.apcata.2014.02.032
Solid Acid-Catalyzed Esterification of Levulinic Acid for Production of Value-Added…
86. Kitagawa S, Mitsuru K (1998) Functional micropore chemistry of crystalline metal complexassembled compounds. Bull Chem Soc Jpn 71:1739–1753
87. Lin W, Wang Z, Ma L (1999) A novel Octupolar metal−organic NLO material based on a
chiral 2D coordination network. J Am Chem Soc 121:11249–11250. https://doi.org/10.1021/
ja9928327
88. Link AJ, Tirrell DA (2003) Cell surface labeling of Escherichia coli via copper(I)-catalyzed
[3+2] Cycloaddition. J Am Chem Soc 125:11164–11165. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja036765z
89. Bai Y, Dou Y, Xie LH et al (2016) Zr-based metal-organic frameworks: design, synthesis, structure, and applications. Chem Soc Rev 45:2327–2367. https://doi.org/10.1039/
c5cs00837a
90. Cavka JH, Jakobsen S, Olsbye U et al (2008) A new zirconium inorganic building brick forming metal organic frameworks with exceptional stability. J Am Chem Soc 130:13850–13851.
https://doi.org/10.1021/ja8057953
91. Ling S, Slater B (2016) Dynamic acidity in defective UiO-66. Chem Sci 7:4706–4712.
https://doi.org/10.1039/C5SC04953A
92. Serrano-Ruiz JC, Wang D, Dumesic JA (2010) Catalytic upgrading of levulinic acid to
5- nonanone. Green Chem 12:574–557. https://doi.org/10.1039/b923907c
93. Cirujano FG, Corma A, Llabrés FX (2014) Conversion of levulinic acid into chemicals: synthesis of biomass derived levulinate esters over Zr-containing MOFs. Chem Eng Sci 124:1–9.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2014.09.047
94. Wang F, Chen Z, Chen H et al (2019) Interplay of Lewis and Brønsted acid sites in Zr-based
metal-organic frameworks for efficient esterification of biomass-derived levulinic acid. ACS
Appl Mater Interfaces 11:32090–32096. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b07769
95. Klet RC, Liu Y, Wang TC et al (2016) Evaluation of Brønsted acidity and proton topology
in Zr- and Hf-based metal–organic frameworks using potentiometric acid–base titration. J
Mater Chem A 4:1479–1485. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TA07687K
96. Herbst A, Janiak C (2017) MOF catalysts in biomass upgrading towards value-added fine
chemicals. CrystEngComm 19:4092–4117. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ce01782g
97. Kokare MB, V R, Mathpati CS (2018) Response surface optimization, kinetic study and
process design of n-butyl levulinate synthesis. Chem Eng Res Des 137:577–588. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.cherd.2018.07.036
98. Ramli NAS, Zaharuddin NH, Amin NAS (2017) Esterification of renewable levilinic acid to
levulinate esters using Amberlyst 15 as a solid acid catalyst. J Teknol https://doi.org/10.11113/
jt.v79.8095
99. M. M. Sharma (1990) CSIR distinguished lectures selectivity engineering, New Delhi
100. Ramli NAS, Hisham NI, Amin NAS (2018) Esterification of levulinic acid to levulinate estersin the presence of sulfated silica catalyst. Sains Malaysiana 47(6):1131–1138
101. Berty JM (ed) (1999) Studies in surface science and catalysis. In: Experiments in catalytic
reaction engineering. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 261–268
102. Hu L, Lin L, Wu Z et al (2015) Chemocatalytic hydrolysis of cellulose into glucose over
solid acid catalysts. Appl Catal B Environ 174–175:225–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
apcatb.2015.03.003
103. Yamaguchi A, Sato O, Mimura N, Shirai M (2016) Catalytic production of sugar alcohols from lignocellulosic biomass. Catal Today 265:199–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
cattod.2015.08.026
104. Fang S, Qingyin W, Daiyu S, Xianghuan Z, Mei W, Yihang G (2013) Pore morphologycontrolled preparation of ZrO 2 -based hybrid catalysts functionalized by both organosilica
moieties and Keggin-type heteropoly acid for the synthesis of levulinate esters. J Mater Chem
A 1(42):13209–13221. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ta12412f
105. Kuwahara Y, Kaburagi W, Nemoto K, Fujitani T (2014) Applied catalysis a: general esterification of levulinic acid with ethanol over sulfated Si-doped ZrO 2 solid acid catalyst:
study of the structure – activity relationships. Appl Catal A Gen 476:186–196. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.apcata.2014.02.032
Solid Acid-Catalyzed Esterification of Levulinic Acid for Production of Value-Added…