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73. Cirujano FG, Corma A, Llabrés i Xamena FX (2015) Conversion of levulinic acid into chemicals: synthesis of biomass derived levulinate esters over Zr-containing MOFs. Chem Eng Sci
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graphene oxide monolith by solvothermal carbonization for esterification and unsymmetrical ether formation. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 4:1963–1973. https://doi.org/10.1021/
acssuschemeng.5b01205
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77. Trombettoni V, Bianchi L, Zupanic A et al (2017) Efficient catalytic upgrading of levulinic
acid into alkyl levulinates by resin-supported acids and flow reactors. Catalysts 7. https://doi.
org/10.3390/catal7080235
78. Guo T, Qiu M, Qi X (2019) Selective conversion of biomass-derived levulinic acid to ethyl
levulinate catalyzed by metal organic framework (MOF)-supported polyoxometalates. Appl
Catal A Gen 572:168–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2019.01.004
79. Gupta SSR, Kantam ML (2019) Catalytic conversion of furfuryl alcohol or levulinic acid into
alkyl levulinates using a sulfonic acid-functionalized hafnium-based MOF. Catal Commun
124:62–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2019.03.003
80. Seo JS, Whang D, Lee H et al (2000) A homochiral metal-organic porous material for enantioselective separation and catalysis. Nature 404:982–986. https://doi.org/10.1038/35010088
81. Abrahams BF, Hoskins BF, Michall D, Robson R (1994) Assembly of porphyrin building
blocks into network structure with large channels. Nature 369:727–729
82. Yaghi OM, Li G (1995) Mutually interpenetrating sheets and channels in the extended
structure of [Cu(4,4′-bpy)Cl]. Angew Chem Int Ed 34:207–209. https://doi.org/10.1002/
anie.199502071
83. Evans OR, Lin W (2001) Crystal engineering of nonlinear optical materials based on interpenetrated Diamondoid coordination networks. Chem Mater 13:2705–2712. https://doi.
org/10.1021/cm010301n
84. Kahn O (2000) Chemistry and physics of Supramolecular magnetic materials. Acc Chem Res
33:647–657. https://doi.org/10.1021/ar9703138
85. Kim J, Chen B, Reineke TM et al (2001) Assembly of metal-organic frameworks from large
organic and inorganic secondary building units: new examples and simplifying principles for
complex structures. J Am Chem Soc 123:8239–8247. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja010825o
K. C. Maheria et al.
67. Khiratkar AG, Balinge KR, Krishnamurthy M et al (2018) Sulphonic acid-functionalized
Benzimidazolium based poly ionic liquid catalyzed esterification of levulinic acid. Catal Lett
148:680–690. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562- 017- 2284- 1
68. Kalghatgi SG, Bhanage BM (2019) Green syntheses of levulinate esters using ionic liquid
1-methyl imidazolium hydrogen sulphate [MIM][HSO4] in solvent free system. J Mol Liq
281:70–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2019.02.053
69. Badgujar KC, Badgujar VC, Bhanage BM (2020) A review on catalytic synthesis of energy
rich fuel additive levulinate compounds from biomass derived levulinic acid. Fuel Process
Technol 197:106213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2019.106213
70. Thomas JM (2013) Solid acid catalysts. J Chem Inf Model 53:1689–1699. https://doi.
org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
71. Gupta P, Paul S (2014) Solid acids : green alternatives for acid catalysis. Catal Today 236:153.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2014.04.010
72. Cirujano FG, Corma A, Llabrés i Xamena FX (2015) Zirconium-containing metal organic
frameworks as solid acid catalysts for the esterification of free fatty acids: synthesis of biodiesel and other compounds of interest. Catal Today 257:213–220
73. Cirujano FG, Corma A, Llabrés i Xamena FX (2015) Conversion of levulinic acid into chemicals: synthesis of biomass derived levulinate esters over Zr-containing MOFs. Chem Eng Sci
124:52–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2014.09.047
74. Fernandes DR, Rocha AS, Mai EF et al (2012) Applied catalysis a : general levulinic acid
esterification with ethanol to ethyl levulinate production over solid acid catalysts. Appl Catal
A Gen 425–426:199–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2012.03.020
75. Nakhate AV, Yadav GD (2016) Synthesis and characterization of sulfonated carbon-based
graphene oxide monolith by solvothermal carbonization for esterification and unsymmetrical ether formation. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 4:1963–1973. https://doi.org/10.1021/
acssuschemeng.5b01205
76. Tejero MA, Ramírez E, Fité C et al (2016) Esterification of levulinic acid with butanol over ion exchange resins. Appl Catal A Gen 517:56–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.
APCATA.2016.02.032
77. Trombettoni V, Bianchi L, Zupanic A et al (2017) Efficient catalytic upgrading of levulinic
acid into alkyl levulinates by resin-supported acids and flow reactors. Catalysts 7. https://doi.
org/10.3390/catal7080235
78. Guo T, Qiu M, Qi X (2019) Selective conversion of biomass-derived levulinic acid to ethyl
levulinate catalyzed by metal organic framework (MOF)-supported polyoxometalates. Appl
Catal A Gen 572:168–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2019.01.004
79. Gupta SSR, Kantam ML (2019) Catalytic conversion of furfuryl alcohol or levulinic acid into
alkyl levulinates using a sulfonic acid-functionalized hafnium-based MOF. Catal Commun
124:62–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2019.03.003
80. Seo JS, Whang D, Lee H et al (2000) A homochiral metal-organic porous material for enantioselective separation and catalysis. Nature 404:982–986. https://doi.org/10.1038/35010088
81. Abrahams BF, Hoskins BF, Michall D, Robson R (1994) Assembly of porphyrin building
blocks into network structure with large channels. Nature 369:727–729
82. Yaghi OM, Li G (1995) Mutually interpenetrating sheets and channels in the extended
structure of [Cu(4,4′-bpy)Cl]. Angew Chem Int Ed 34:207–209. https://doi.org/10.1002/
anie.199502071
83. Evans OR, Lin W (2001) Crystal engineering of nonlinear optical materials based on interpenetrated Diamondoid coordination networks. Chem Mater 13:2705–2712. https://doi.
org/10.1021/cm010301n
84. Kahn O (2000) Chemistry and physics of Supramolecular magnetic materials. Acc Chem Res
33:647–657. https://doi.org/10.1021/ar9703138
85. Kim J, Chen B, Reineke TM et al (2001) Assembly of metal-organic frameworks from large
organic and inorganic secondary building units: new examples and simplifying principles for
complex structures. J Am Chem Soc 123:8239–8247. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja010825o
K. C. Maheria et al.