373
6. Van Haveren J, Scott EL, Sanders J (2008) Bulk chemicals from biomass. Biofuels Bioprod
Biorefin 2:41–57. https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb
7. Zhang Y, Bi P, Wang J et al (2015) Production of jet and diesel biofuels from renewable lignocellulosic biomass. Appl Energy 150:128–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.04.023
8. Raveendran K, Ganesh A, Khilar KC (1996) Pyrolysis characteristics of biomass and biomass components. Fuel 75:987–998. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(96)00030-0
9. Vassilev SV, Baxter D, Andersen LK, Vassileva CG (2010) An overview of the chemical
composition of biomass. Fuel 89:913–933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2009.10.022
10. Werpy T, Petersen G (2004) Top value added chemicals from biomass: volume I -- results
of screening for potential candidates from sugars and synthesis gas full record other related
research. US Department of Energy (US). https://doi.org/10.2172/15008859
11. Muranaka Y, Suzuki T, Sawanishi H, et al (2014) Effective production of levulinic acid from
biomass through pretreatment using phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, or ionic liquid 53,
11611−11621. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie501811x
12. Morone A, Apte M, Pandey RA (2015) Levulinic acid production from renewable waste
resources: bottlenecks, potential remedies, advancements and applications. Renew Sust
Energ Rev 51:548–565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.06.032
13. Pileidis FD, Titirici M-M (2016) Levulinic acid biorefineries: new challenges for efficient
utilization of biomass. ChemSusChem 9:562–582. https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201501405
14. Pradipta MSA, Purnamasari NR, Pradana YS (2019) Levulinic acid synthesis from Indonesian
sugarcane bagasse using two-step acid catalyzed treatment. AIP Conf Proc 2085:20065.
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5095043
15. Leonard RH (1956) Levulinic acid as a basic chemical raw material. Ind Eng Chem
48:1330–1341. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50560a033
16. Sasaki K, Watanabe M, Tanaka T, Tanaka T (2002) Biosynthesis, biotechnological production and applications of 5-aminolevulinic acid. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 58:23–29. https://
doi.org/10.1007/s00253- 001- 0858- 7
17. Windom BC, Lovestead TM, Mascal M et al (2011) Advanced distillation curve analysis on ethyl levulinate as a diesel fuel oxygenate and a hybrid biodiesel fuel. Energy Fuel
25:1878–1890. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef200239x
18. Dharne S, Bokade VV (2011) Esterification of levulinic acid to n-butyl levulinate over heteropolyacid supported on acid-treated clay. J Nat Gas Chem 20:18–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/
S1003- 9953(10)60147- 8
19. Marosvölgyi-Haskó D, Lengyel B, Tukacs JM et al (2016) Application of γ-valerolactone
as an alternative biomass-based medium for aminocarbonylation reactions. ChemPlusChem
81:1224–1229. https://doi.org/10.1002/cplu.201600389
20. Wright WRH, Palkovits R (2012) Development of heterogeneous catalysts for the conversion
of levulinic acid to g-valerolactone. ChemSusChem 5:1657–1667. https://doi.org/10.1002/
cssc.201200111
21. Bond JQ, Alonso DM, Wang D, et al (2010) Integrated catalytic conversion of g-Valerolactone to liquid alkenes for transportation fuels. 1110–1115 https://doi.org/10.1126/
science.1184362
22. Fegyverneki D, Orha L, Láng G, Horváth IT (2010) Gamma-valerolactone-based solvents.
Tetrahedron 66:1078–1081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2009.11.013
23. Orha L, Tukacs JM, Gyarmati B, Szilágyi A, Kollár L, LTM (2018) Modular synthesis of
γ-valerolactone-based ionic liquids and their application as alternative media for coppercatalyzed ullmann-type coupling reactions. ACS Sustain Chem Eng, vol 6, p 5097. https://
doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b04775
24. Xue Z, Zhao X, Sun R, Mu T (2016) Biomass-derived γ-valerolactone-based solvent systems
for highly efficient dissolution of various lignins: dissolution behavior and mechanism study.
ACS Sustain Chem Eng 4:3864–3870. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b00639
25. Zhang Z (2016) Synthesis of g-valerolactone from carbohydrates and its applications.
ChemSusChem 9:156–171. https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201501089
Solid Acid-Catalyzed Esterification of Levulinic Acid for Production of Value-Added…
6. Van Haveren J, Scott EL, Sanders J (2008) Bulk chemicals from biomass. Biofuels Bioprod
Biorefin 2:41–57. https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb
7. Zhang Y, Bi P, Wang J et al (2015) Production of jet and diesel biofuels from renewable lignocellulosic biomass. Appl Energy 150:128–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.04.023
8. Raveendran K, Ganesh A, Khilar KC (1996) Pyrolysis characteristics of biomass and biomass components. Fuel 75:987–998. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(96)00030-0
9. Vassilev SV, Baxter D, Andersen LK, Vassileva CG (2010) An overview of the chemical
composition of biomass. Fuel 89:913–933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2009.10.022
10. Werpy T, Petersen G (2004) Top value added chemicals from biomass: volume I -- results
of screening for potential candidates from sugars and synthesis gas full record other related
research. US Department of Energy (US). https://doi.org/10.2172/15008859
11. Muranaka Y, Suzuki T, Sawanishi H, et al (2014) Effective production of levulinic acid from
biomass through pretreatment using phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, or ionic liquid 53,
11611−11621. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie501811x
12. Morone A, Apte M, Pandey RA (2015) Levulinic acid production from renewable waste
resources: bottlenecks, potential remedies, advancements and applications. Renew Sust
Energ Rev 51:548–565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.06.032
13. Pileidis FD, Titirici M-M (2016) Levulinic acid biorefineries: new challenges for efficient
utilization of biomass. ChemSusChem 9:562–582. https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201501405
14. Pradipta MSA, Purnamasari NR, Pradana YS (2019) Levulinic acid synthesis from Indonesian
sugarcane bagasse using two-step acid catalyzed treatment. AIP Conf Proc 2085:20065.
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5095043
15. Leonard RH (1956) Levulinic acid as a basic chemical raw material. Ind Eng Chem
48:1330–1341. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50560a033
16. Sasaki K, Watanabe M, Tanaka T, Tanaka T (2002) Biosynthesis, biotechnological production and applications of 5-aminolevulinic acid. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 58:23–29. https://
doi.org/10.1007/s00253- 001- 0858- 7
17. Windom BC, Lovestead TM, Mascal M et al (2011) Advanced distillation curve analysis on ethyl levulinate as a diesel fuel oxygenate and a hybrid biodiesel fuel. Energy Fuel
25:1878–1890. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef200239x
18. Dharne S, Bokade VV (2011) Esterification of levulinic acid to n-butyl levulinate over heteropolyacid supported on acid-treated clay. J Nat Gas Chem 20:18–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/
S1003- 9953(10)60147- 8
19. Marosvölgyi-Haskó D, Lengyel B, Tukacs JM et al (2016) Application of γ-valerolactone
as an alternative biomass-based medium for aminocarbonylation reactions. ChemPlusChem
81:1224–1229. https://doi.org/10.1002/cplu.201600389
20. Wright WRH, Palkovits R (2012) Development of heterogeneous catalysts for the conversion
of levulinic acid to g-valerolactone. ChemSusChem 5:1657–1667. https://doi.org/10.1002/
cssc.201200111
21. Bond JQ, Alonso DM, Wang D, et al (2010) Integrated catalytic conversion of g-Valerolactone to liquid alkenes for transportation fuels. 1110–1115 https://doi.org/10.1126/
science.1184362
22. Fegyverneki D, Orha L, Láng G, Horváth IT (2010) Gamma-valerolactone-based solvents.
Tetrahedron 66:1078–1081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2009.11.013
23. Orha L, Tukacs JM, Gyarmati B, Szilágyi A, Kollár L, LTM (2018) Modular synthesis of
γ-valerolactone-based ionic liquids and their application as alternative media for coppercatalyzed ullmann-type coupling reactions. ACS Sustain Chem Eng, vol 6, p 5097. https://
doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b04775
24. Xue Z, Zhao X, Sun R, Mu T (2016) Biomass-derived γ-valerolactone-based solvent systems
for highly efficient dissolution of various lignins: dissolution behavior and mechanism study.
ACS Sustain Chem Eng 4:3864–3870. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b00639
25. Zhang Z (2016) Synthesis of g-valerolactone from carbohydrates and its applications.
ChemSusChem 9:156–171. https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201501089
Solid Acid-Catalyzed Esterification of Levulinic Acid for Production of Value-Added…