176
13. Tekin K, Karagöz S (2013) Non-catalytic and catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass.
Res Chem Intermed 39:485–498. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164- 012- 0572- 3
14. Barreiro DL, Prins W, Ronsse F, Brilman W (2013) Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of
microalgae for biofuel production: state of the art review and future prospects. Biomass
Bioenergy 53:113–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.12.029
15. Castello D, Pedersen TH, Rosendahl LA (2018) Continuous hydrothermal liquefaction of
biomass: a critical review. Energies 11(11):3165. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11113165
16. Kamio E, Takahashi S, Noda H, Fukuhara C, Okamura T (2008) Effect of heating rate on
liquefaction of cellulose by hot compressed water. Chem Eng J 137(2):328–338. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.cej.2007.05.007
17. Peterson AA, Vogel F, Lachance RP, Fröling M, Antal MJ Jr, Tester JW (2008)
Thermochemical biofuel production in hydrothermal media: a review of sub- and supercritical water technologies. Energ Environ Sci 1:32–65. https://doi.org/10.1039/b810100k
18. Toor SS, Rosendahl L, Rudolf A (2011) Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass: a review
of subcritical water technologies. Energy 36(5):2328–2342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
energy.2011.03.013
19. Chakinala AG, Brilman DWF, van Swaaij WPM, Kersten SRA (2010) Catalytic and noncatalytic supercritical water gasification of microalgae and glycerol. Ind Eng Chem Res
49:1113–1122. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie9008293
20. Asiedu A, Stuart B, Resurreccion E, Kumar S (2017) Techno-economic analysis of protein concentrate produced by flash hydrolysis of microalgae. Environ Prog Sustain Energy
37(2):881–890. https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.12722
21. Elliott DC (2007) Historical developments in hydroprocessing bio-oils. Energy Fuel
21(3):1792–1815. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef070044u
22. Mortensen PM, Grunwaldt J-D, Jensen PA, Knudsen KG, Jensen AD (2011) A review of
catalytic upgrading of bio-oil to engine fuels. Appl Catal A Gen 407(1–2):1–19. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.apcata.2011.08.046
23. Park H-J, Dong J-I, Jeon J-K, Park Y-K, Yoo K-S, Kim S-S, Kim J, Kim S (2008) Effects of
the operating parameters on the production of bio-oil in the fast pyrolysis of Japanese larch.
Chem Eng J 143(1–3):124–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2007.12.031
24. Savage PE, Levine RB, Huelsman CM (2010) Hydrothermal processing of biomass. In:
Crocker M (ed) Thermochemical conversion of biomass to liquid fuels and chemicals. Royal
Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, pp 190–219
25. Yang YF, Feng CP, Inamori Y, Maekawa T (2004) Analysis of energy conversion characteristics in liquefaction of algae. Resour Conserv Recycl 43(1):21–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
resconrec.2004.03.003
26. Huang H, Yuan X, Zeng G, Wang J, Li H, Zhou C, Pei X, You Q, Chen L (2011)
Thermochemical liquefaction characteristics of microalgae in sub- and supercritical ethanol.
Fuel Process Technol 92(1):147–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.09.018
27. Matsui T, Nishihara A, Ueda C, Ohtsuki M, Ikenaga N, Suzuki T (1997) Liquefaction
of micro-algae with iron catalyst. Fuel 76(1):1043–1048. https://doi.org/10.1016/
S0016- 2361(97)00120- 8
28. Xuan X, Wang J, Zeng G, Huang H, Pei X, Li H, Liu Z, Cong M (2011) Comparative studies
of thermochemical liquefaction characteristics of microalgae using different solvents. Energy
36(11):6406–6412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2011.09.031
29. Zhao C, Kou Y, Lemonidou AA, Li X, Lercher JA (2009) Highly selective catalytic conversion
of phenolic bio-oil to alkanes. Angew Chem 121(22):4047–4050. https://doi.org/10.1002/
anie.200900404
30. Elliott DC (2015) Biofuel from fast pyrolysis and catalytic hydrodeoxygenation. Curr Opin
Chem Eng 9:59–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coche.2015.08.008
31. Biller P, Riley R, Ross AB (2011) Catalytic hydrothermal processing of microalgae:
decomposition and upgrading of lipids. Bioresour Technol 102(7):4841–4848. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.12.113
E. P. Resurreccion and S. Kumar
13. Tekin K, Karagöz S (2013) Non-catalytic and catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass.
Res Chem Intermed 39:485–498. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164- 012- 0572- 3
14. Barreiro DL, Prins W, Ronsse F, Brilman W (2013) Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of
microalgae for biofuel production: state of the art review and future prospects. Biomass
Bioenergy 53:113–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.12.029
15. Castello D, Pedersen TH, Rosendahl LA (2018) Continuous hydrothermal liquefaction of
biomass: a critical review. Energies 11(11):3165. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11113165
16. Kamio E, Takahashi S, Noda H, Fukuhara C, Okamura T (2008) Effect of heating rate on
liquefaction of cellulose by hot compressed water. Chem Eng J 137(2):328–338. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.cej.2007.05.007
17. Peterson AA, Vogel F, Lachance RP, Fröling M, Antal MJ Jr, Tester JW (2008)
Thermochemical biofuel production in hydrothermal media: a review of sub- and supercritical water technologies. Energ Environ Sci 1:32–65. https://doi.org/10.1039/b810100k
18. Toor SS, Rosendahl L, Rudolf A (2011) Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass: a review
of subcritical water technologies. Energy 36(5):2328–2342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
energy.2011.03.013
19. Chakinala AG, Brilman DWF, van Swaaij WPM, Kersten SRA (2010) Catalytic and noncatalytic supercritical water gasification of microalgae and glycerol. Ind Eng Chem Res
49:1113–1122. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie9008293
20. Asiedu A, Stuart B, Resurreccion E, Kumar S (2017) Techno-economic analysis of protein concentrate produced by flash hydrolysis of microalgae. Environ Prog Sustain Energy
37(2):881–890. https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.12722
21. Elliott DC (2007) Historical developments in hydroprocessing bio-oils. Energy Fuel
21(3):1792–1815. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef070044u
22. Mortensen PM, Grunwaldt J-D, Jensen PA, Knudsen KG, Jensen AD (2011) A review of
catalytic upgrading of bio-oil to engine fuels. Appl Catal A Gen 407(1–2):1–19. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.apcata.2011.08.046
23. Park H-J, Dong J-I, Jeon J-K, Park Y-K, Yoo K-S, Kim S-S, Kim J, Kim S (2008) Effects of
the operating parameters on the production of bio-oil in the fast pyrolysis of Japanese larch.
Chem Eng J 143(1–3):124–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2007.12.031
24. Savage PE, Levine RB, Huelsman CM (2010) Hydrothermal processing of biomass. In:
Crocker M (ed) Thermochemical conversion of biomass to liquid fuels and chemicals. Royal
Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, pp 190–219
25. Yang YF, Feng CP, Inamori Y, Maekawa T (2004) Analysis of energy conversion characteristics in liquefaction of algae. Resour Conserv Recycl 43(1):21–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
resconrec.2004.03.003
26. Huang H, Yuan X, Zeng G, Wang J, Li H, Zhou C, Pei X, You Q, Chen L (2011)
Thermochemical liquefaction characteristics of microalgae in sub- and supercritical ethanol.
Fuel Process Technol 92(1):147–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.09.018
27. Matsui T, Nishihara A, Ueda C, Ohtsuki M, Ikenaga N, Suzuki T (1997) Liquefaction
of micro-algae with iron catalyst. Fuel 76(1):1043–1048. https://doi.org/10.1016/
S0016- 2361(97)00120- 8
28. Xuan X, Wang J, Zeng G, Huang H, Pei X, Li H, Liu Z, Cong M (2011) Comparative studies
of thermochemical liquefaction characteristics of microalgae using different solvents. Energy
36(11):6406–6412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2011.09.031
29. Zhao C, Kou Y, Lemonidou AA, Li X, Lercher JA (2009) Highly selective catalytic conversion
of phenolic bio-oil to alkanes. Angew Chem 121(22):4047–4050. https://doi.org/10.1002/
anie.200900404
30. Elliott DC (2015) Biofuel from fast pyrolysis and catalytic hydrodeoxygenation. Curr Opin
Chem Eng 9:59–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coche.2015.08.008
31. Biller P, Riley R, Ross AB (2011) Catalytic hydrothermal processing of microalgae:
decomposition and upgrading of lipids. Bioresour Technol 102(7):4841–4848. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.12.113
E. P. Resurreccion and S. Kumar