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Roche, D. M., et al. (2013). Two-phase change in CO 2 , Antarctic
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Legrand, M., Feniet-Saigne, C., Sattzman, E. S., Germain, C., Barkov,
N. I., & Petrov, V. N. (1991). Ice-core record of oceanic emissions
of dimethylsulphide during the last climate cycle. Nature, 350, 144–
146.
Legrand, M., & Mayewski, P. (1997). Glaciochemistry of polar ice
cores: A review. Reviews of Geophysics, 35(3), 219–243.
Levine, J. G., Wolff, E. W., Jones, A. E., Sime, L. C., Valdes, P. J.,
Archibald, A. T., et al. (2011). Reconciling the changes in
atmospheric methane sources and sinks between the Last Glacial
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Loulergue, L., Schilt, A., Spahni, R., Masson-Delmotte, V., Blunier, T.,
Lemieux, B., et al. (2008). Orbital and millennial-scale features of
atmospheric CH 4 over the past 800,000 years. Nature, 453, 383–
386. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06950.
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Siegenthaler, U., et al. (2008). High-resolution carbon dioxide
concentration record 650,000–800,000 years before present. Nature,
453, 379–382. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06949.
Lourantou, A., Lavrič, J. V., Köhler, P., Barnola, J.-M., Paillard, D.,
Michel, E., Raynaud, D., & Chappellaz, J. (2010). Constraint of the
CO 2 rise by new atmospheric carbon isotopic measurements during
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https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13799.
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Glacial Atlantic. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 38, 2014–
2037. https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JPO3895.1.
Martinez-Ruiz, F., Kastner, M., Paytan, A., Ortega-Huertas, M., &
Bernasconi, S. (2000). Geochemical evidence for enhanced productivity during S1 sapropel deposition in the eastern Mediterranean. Paleoceanography, 15(2), 200–209. https://doi.org/10.
1029/1999PA000419.
Marzocchi, A., & Jansen, M. F. (2017). Connecting Antarctic sea ice to
deep-ocean circulation in modern and glacial climate simulations.
Geophysical Research Letters, 44, 6286–6295. https://doi.org/10.
1002/2017GL073936.
Maslin, M., Adams, J., Thomas, E., Faure, H., & Haines-Young, R.
(1995). Estimating the carbon transfer between the ocean, atmosphere and the terrestrial biosphere since the Last Glacial
Maximum. Terra Nova, 7(3), 358–366.
Matsumoto, K., & Yokoyama, Y. (2013). Atmospheric D
14
C reduction
in simulations of Atlantic overturning circulation shutdown, Global
Biogeochemical Cycles, 27. https://doi.org/10.1002/gbc.20035.
Menviel, L., Timmermann, A., Mouchet, A., & Timm, O. (2008a).
Climate and marine carbon cycle response to changes in the strength
of the Southern Hemispheric westerlies. Paleoceanography, 23,
PA4201.
Menviel, L., Timmermann, A., Mouchet, A., & Timm, O. (2008b).
Meridional reorganizations of marine and terrestrial productivity
during Heinrich events. Paleoceanography, 23, PA1203. https://doi.
org/10.1029/2007pa001445.
Menviel, L., Spence, P., & England, M. H. (2015). Contribution of
enhanced Antarctic bottom water formation to Antarctic warm
events and millennial-scale atmospheric CO 2 increase. Earth and
Planetary Science Letters, 413, 37–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
epsl.2014.12.050.
Menviel, L., Yu, J., Joos, F., Mouchet, A., Meissner, K. J., & England,
M. H. (2017). Poorly ventilated deep ocean at the Last Glacial
Maximum inferred from carbon isotopes: A data-model comparison
study. Paleoceanography, 32, 2–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/
2016PA003024.
Milkov, A. V. (2004). Global estimates of hydrate-bound gas in marine
sediments: How much is really out there? Earth-Science Reviews,
66(3–4), 183–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2003.11.002.
Möbius, J., Lahajnar, N., & Emeis, K. C. (2010). Diagenetic control of
nitrogen isotope ratios in Holocene sapropels and recent sediments
from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Biogeosciences, 7(11), 3901–
3914. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3901-2010.
Muglia, J., & Schmittner, A. (2015), Glacial Atlantic overturning
increased by wind stress in climate models. Geophysical Research
Letters, 42. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL064583.
Murray, L. T., Mickley, L. J., Kaplan, J. O., Sofen, E. D., Pfeiffer, M.,
& Alexander, B. (2014). Factors controlling variability in the
oxidative capacity of the troposphere since the Last Glacial
Maximum. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 14, 3589–3622.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-3589-2014.
NEEM Community Members. (2013). Eemian interglacial reconstructed from a Greenland folded ice core. Nature, 493, 489–494.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11789.
Nijenhuis, I. A., & De Lange, G. J. (2000). Geochemical constraints on
Pliocene sapropel formation in the eastern Mediterranean. Mar.
Geol., 163, 41–63.
North Greenland Ice Core Project Members. (2004). High-resolution
record of Northern Hemisphere climate extending into the last
interglacial period. Nature, 431, 147–151.
Obata, A. (2007). Climate–carbon cycle model response to freshwater
discharge into the North Atlantic. Journal of Climate, 20, 5962–
5976. https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JCLI1808.1.
O’Dowd, C. D., & de Leeuw, G. (2007). Marine aerosol production: A
review of the current knowledge. Philosophical Transactions of the
Royal Society A, 365(1856), 1753–1774.
Parrenin, F., Masson-Delmotte, V., Köhler, P., Raynaud, D., Paillard,
D., Schwander, J., Barbante, C., Landais, A., Wegner, A., & Jouzel,
J. (2013). Synchronous change of atmospheric CO 2 and Antarctic
temperature during the last deglacial warming. Science, 339, 1060.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1226368.
Petit, J. R., Jouzel, J., Raynaud, D., Barkov, N. I., Barnola, J. M.,
Basile, I., et al. (1999). Climate and atmospheric history of the past
420,000 years from the Vostok Ice Core, Antarctica. Nature, 399,
429–436.
Pickett, E. J., Harrison, S. P., Hope, G., Harle, K., Dodson, J. R., Peter
Kershaw, A., et al. (2004). Pollen-based reconstructions of
biome distributions for Australia, Southeast Asia and the Pacific
(SEAPAC region) at 0, 6000 and 18,000 14C yr BP. Journal of
Biogeography, 31, 1381–1444. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.13652699.2004.01001.x.
Plancq, J., Grossi, V., Pittet, B., Huguet, C., Rosell-Melé, A., &
Mattioli, E. (2015). Multi-proxy constraints on sapropel formation
during the late Pliocene of central Mediterranean (southwest Sicily).
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N. Bouttes et al.
sediments. Meddelanden från Oceanografiska institutet i Göteborg,
21, 1–38.
Lambert, F., Tagliabue, A., Shaffer, G., Lamy, F., Winckler, G., Farias,
L., et al. (2015). Dust fluxes and iron fertilization in Holocene and
Last Glacial Maximum climates. Geophysical Research Letters, 42,
6014–6023. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL064250.
Landais, A., Dreyfus, G., Capron, E., Jouzel, J., Masson-Delmotte, V.,
Roche, D. M., et al. (2013). Two-phase change in CO 2 , Antarctic
temperature and global climate during termination II. Nature
Geoscience, 6, 1062–1065. https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO1985.
Legrand, M., Feniet-Saigne, C., Sattzman, E. S., Germain, C., Barkov,
N. I., & Petrov, V. N. (1991). Ice-core record of oceanic emissions
of dimethylsulphide during the last climate cycle. Nature, 350, 144–
146.
Legrand, M., & Mayewski, P. (1997). Glaciochemistry of polar ice
cores: A review. Reviews of Geophysics, 35(3), 219–243.
Levine, J. G., Wolff, E. W., Jones, A. E., Sime, L. C., Valdes, P. J.,
Archibald, A. T., et al. (2011). Reconciling the changes in
atmospheric methane sources and sinks between the Last Glacial
Maximum and the pre-industrial era. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38,
L23804. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL049545.
Loulergue, L., Schilt, A., Spahni, R., Masson-Delmotte, V., Blunier, T.,
Lemieux, B., et al. (2008). Orbital and millennial-scale features of
atmospheric CH 4 over the past 800,000 years. Nature, 453, 383–
386. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06950.
Lüthi, D., Le Floch, M., Bereiter, B., Blunier, T., Barnola, J.-M.,
Siegenthaler, U., et al. (2008). High-resolution carbon dioxide
concentration record 650,000–800,000 years before present. Nature,
453, 379–382. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06949.
Lourantou, A., Lavrič, J. V., Köhler, P., Barnola, J.-M., Paillard, D.,
Michel, E., Raynaud, D., & Chappellaz, J. (2010). Constraint of the
CO 2 rise by new atmospheric carbon isotopic measurements during
the last deglaciation. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 24, GB2015.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009gb003545.
Mahowald, N. M., Scanza, R., Brahney, J., Goodale, C. L., Hess, P. G.,
Moore, J. K., et al. (2017). Aerosol deposition impacts on land and
ocean carbon cycles. Current Climate Change Reports, 3(1), 16–31.
Marcott, S. A., Bauska, T. K., Buizert, C., Steig, E. J., Rosen, J. L.,
Cuffey, K. M., et al. (2014). Centennial-scale changes in the global
carbon cycle during the last deglaciation. Nature, 514, 616–619.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13799.
Mariotti, V. (2013). Le cycle du carbone en climat glaciaire: état
moyen et variabilité, Ph.D. thesis. 252 p.
Marchal, O., & Curry, W. B. (2008). On the Abyssal circulation in the
Glacial Atlantic. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 38, 2014–
2037. https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JPO3895.1.
Martinez-Ruiz, F., Kastner, M., Paytan, A., Ortega-Huertas, M., &
Bernasconi, S. (2000). Geochemical evidence for enhanced productivity during S1 sapropel deposition in the eastern Mediterranean. Paleoceanography, 15(2), 200–209. https://doi.org/10.
1029/1999PA000419.
Marzocchi, A., & Jansen, M. F. (2017). Connecting Antarctic sea ice to
deep-ocean circulation in modern and glacial climate simulations.
Geophysical Research Letters, 44, 6286–6295. https://doi.org/10.
1002/2017GL073936.
Maslin, M., Adams, J., Thomas, E., Faure, H., & Haines-Young, R.
(1995). Estimating the carbon transfer between the ocean, atmosphere and the terrestrial biosphere since the Last Glacial
Maximum. Terra Nova, 7(3), 358–366.
Matsumoto, K., & Yokoyama, Y. (2013). Atmospheric D
14
C reduction
in simulations of Atlantic overturning circulation shutdown, Global
Biogeochemical Cycles, 27. https://doi.org/10.1002/gbc.20035.
Menviel, L., Timmermann, A., Mouchet, A., & Timm, O. (2008a).
Climate and marine carbon cycle response to changes in the strength
of the Southern Hemispheric westerlies. Paleoceanography, 23,
PA4201.
Menviel, L., Timmermann, A., Mouchet, A., & Timm, O. (2008b).
Meridional reorganizations of marine and terrestrial productivity
during Heinrich events. Paleoceanography, 23, PA1203. https://doi.
org/10.1029/2007pa001445.
Menviel, L., Spence, P., & England, M. H. (2015). Contribution of
enhanced Antarctic bottom water formation to Antarctic warm
events and millennial-scale atmospheric CO 2 increase. Earth and
Planetary Science Letters, 413, 37–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
epsl.2014.12.050.
Menviel, L., Yu, J., Joos, F., Mouchet, A., Meissner, K. J., & England,
M. H. (2017). Poorly ventilated deep ocean at the Last Glacial
Maximum inferred from carbon isotopes: A data-model comparison
study. Paleoceanography, 32, 2–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/
2016PA003024.
Milkov, A. V. (2004). Global estimates of hydrate-bound gas in marine
sediments: How much is really out there? Earth-Science Reviews,
66(3–4), 183–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2003.11.002.
Möbius, J., Lahajnar, N., & Emeis, K. C. (2010). Diagenetic control of
nitrogen isotope ratios in Holocene sapropels and recent sediments
from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Biogeosciences, 7(11), 3901–
3914. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3901-2010.
Muglia, J., & Schmittner, A. (2015), Glacial Atlantic overturning
increased by wind stress in climate models. Geophysical Research
Letters, 42. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL064583.
Murray, L. T., Mickley, L. J., Kaplan, J. O., Sofen, E. D., Pfeiffer, M.,
& Alexander, B. (2014). Factors controlling variability in the
oxidative capacity of the troposphere since the Last Glacial
Maximum. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 14, 3589–3622.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-3589-2014.
NEEM Community Members. (2013). Eemian interglacial reconstructed from a Greenland folded ice core. Nature, 493, 489–494.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11789.
Nijenhuis, I. A., & De Lange, G. J. (2000). Geochemical constraints on
Pliocene sapropel formation in the eastern Mediterranean. Mar.
Geol., 163, 41–63.
North Greenland Ice Core Project Members. (2004). High-resolution
record of Northern Hemisphere climate extending into the last
interglacial period. Nature, 431, 147–151.
Obata, A. (2007). Climate–carbon cycle model response to freshwater
discharge into the North Atlantic. Journal of Climate, 20, 5962–
5976. https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JCLI1808.1.
O’Dowd, C. D., & de Leeuw, G. (2007). Marine aerosol production: A
review of the current knowledge. Philosophical Transactions of the
Royal Society A, 365(1856), 1753–1774.
Parrenin, F., Masson-Delmotte, V., Köhler, P., Raynaud, D., Paillard,
D., Schwander, J., Barbante, C., Landais, A., Wegner, A., & Jouzel,
J. (2013). Synchronous change of atmospheric CO 2 and Antarctic
temperature during the last deglacial warming. Science, 339, 1060.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1226368.
Petit, J. R., Jouzel, J., Raynaud, D., Barkov, N. I., Barnola, J. M.,
Basile, I., et al. (1999). Climate and atmospheric history of the past
420,000 years from the Vostok Ice Core, Antarctica. Nature, 399,
429–436.
Pickett, E. J., Harrison, S. P., Hope, G., Harle, K., Dodson, J. R., Peter
Kershaw, A., et al. (2004). Pollen-based reconstructions of
biome distributions for Australia, Southeast Asia and the Pacific
(SEAPAC region) at 0, 6000 and 18,000 14C yr BP. Journal of
Biogeography, 31, 1381–1444. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.13652699.2004.01001.x.
Plancq, J., Grossi, V., Pittet, B., Huguet, C., Rosell-Melé, A., &
Mattioli, E. (2015). Multi-proxy constraints on sapropel formation
during the late Pliocene of central Mediterranean (southwest Sicily).
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 420, 30–44.
298
N. Bouttes et al.