Malmgren, B. A., Kucera, M., Nyberg, J., & Waelbroeck, C. (2001).
Comparison of statistical and artificial neuronal network techniques
for estimating past sea surface temperatures from planktonic
foraminifera census data. Paleoceanography, 16, 520–530.
Mann, M. E., Bradley, R. S., & Hughes, M. K. (1998). Global-scale
temperature patterns and climate forcing over the past six centuries.
Nature, 392(6678), 779.
Marchitto, T. M., & Broecker, W. S. (2006). Deep water mass
geometry in the glacial Atlantic Ocean: A review of constraints
from the paleonutrient proxy Cd/Ca. Geochemistry, Geophysics,
Geosystems, 7, Q12003.
Marchitto, T. M., Curry, W. B., Lynch-Stieglitz, J., Bryan, S. P., Cobb,
K. M., & Lund, D. C. (2014). Improved oxygen isotope temperature
calibrations for cosmopolitan benthic foraminifera. Geochimica et
Cosmochimica Acta, 130, 1–11.
Marcott, S. A., Bauska, T. K., Buizert, C., Steig, E. J., Rosen, J. L.,
Cuffey, K. M., et al. (2014). Centennial-scale changes in the global
carbon cycle during the last deglaciation. Nature, 514, 616–619.
MARGO Project Members. (2009). Constraints on the magnitude and
patterns of ocean cooling at the last glacial maximum. Nature
Geoscience. https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO411.
Mashiotta, T. A., Lea, D. W., & Spero, H. J. (1999). Glacial–
interglacial changes in Subantarctic sea surface temperature and
d
18
O-water using foraminiferal Mg. Earth and Planetary Science
Letters, 170(4), 417–432.
Mathien-Blard, E., & Bassinot, F. (2009). Salinity bias on the
foraminifera Mg/Ca thermometry: Correction procedure and implications for past ocean hydrographic reconstructions. Geochemistry,
Geophysics, Geosystems, 10, Q12011. https://doi.org/10.1029/
2008gc002353.
M’boule, D., Chivall, D., Sinke-Schoen, D., Sinninghe Damsté, J. S.,
Schouten, S., & van der Meer, M. T. (2014). Salinity dependent
hydrogen isotope fractionation in alkenones produced by coastal
and open ocean haptophyte algae. Geochimica et Cosmochimica
Acta, 130, 126–135.
McClymont, E. L., Sosdian, S. M., Rosell-Melé, A., & Rosenthal, Y.
(2013). Pleistocene sea-surface temperature evolution: Early cooling, delayed glacial intensification, and implications for the
mid-Pleistocene climate transition. Earth-Science Reviews, 123,
173–193.
McCorkle, D. C., Martin, P., Lea, D. W., & Klinkhammer, G. (1995).
Evidence of a dissolution effect on benthic foraminiferal shell
chemistry: d
13
C, Cd/Ca, Ba/Ca, and Sr/Ca results from the Ontong
Java Plateau. Paleoceanography, 10, 699–714.
McGregor, H. V., Evans, M. N., Goosse, H., Leduc, G., Martrat, B.,
Addison, J. A., et al. (2015). Robust global ocean cooling trend for
the pre-industrial Common Era. Nature Geoscience, 8, 671–677.
https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2510.
McManus, J. F., Francois, R., Gherardi, J.-M., Keigwin, L. D., &
Brown-Leger, S. (2004). Collapse and rapid resumption of Atlantic
meridional circulation linked to deglacial climate changes. Nature,
428, 834–837.
Mezger, E. M., Nooijer, L. J., Boer, W., Brummer, G. J. A., & Reichart,
G. J. (2016). Salinity controls on Na incorporation in Red Sea
planktonic foraminifera. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology,
31(12), 1562–1582.
Montagna, P., McCulloch, M., Douville, E., López Correa, M., Trotter,
J., Rodolfo-Metalpa, R., et al. (2014). Li/Mg systematics in
scleractinian corals: Calibration of the thermometer. Geochimica
et Cosmochimica Acta, 132, 288–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.
2014.02.005.
Montes, C., Cardona, A., Jaramillo, C., Pardo, A., Silva, J. C.,
Valencia, V., et al. (2015). Middle Miocene closure of the Central
American seaway. Science, 348, 226–229.
Mulitza, S., Boltovskoy, D., Donner, B., Meggers, H., Paul, A., &
Wefer, G. (2003). Temperature: [delta]18O relationships of planktonic foraminifera collected from surface waters. Palaeogeography,
Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 202, 143–152. https://doi.org/
10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00633-3.
Müller, P. J., Kirst, G., Ruhland, G., Von Storch, I., & Rosell-Melé, A.
(1998). Calibration of the alkenone paleotemperature index U 37 K′
based on core-tops from the eastern South Atlantic and the global
ocean (60 N-60 S). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 62(10),
1757–1772.
Otto-Bliesner, B. L., Braconnot, P., Harrison, S. P., Lunt, D. J.,
Abe-Ouchi, A., Albani, S., et al. (2017). The PMIP4 contribution to
CMIP6—Part 2: Two interglacials, scientific objective and experimental design for Holocene and Last Interglacial simulations.
Geoscientific Model Development, 10, 3979–4003. https://doi.org/
10.5194/gmd-10-3979-2017.
Ostlund, H. G. (1987). GEOSECS Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Ocean
Expeditions (Vol. 7).
PAGES 2 k Consortium. (2013). Continental-scale temperature variability during the past two millennia. Nature Geoscience, 6, 339.
https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1797.
PAGES 2 k Consortium. (2017). A global multiproxy database for
temperature reconstructions of the common era. Scientific Data, 4,
170088. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.88.
Past InterGlacialS Working Group of PAGES. (2016). Interglacials of
the last 800,000 years. Reviews of Geophysics, 54.
Paul, H. (2002). Application of novel stable isotope methods to
reconstruct paleoenvironments: Compound specific hydrogen isotopes and pore-water oxygen isotopes. Ph.D. thesis, 149 pp., Swiss
Federal Institute of Technology.
Peral, M., Daëron, M., Blamart, D., Bassinot, F., Dewilde, F.,
Smialkowski, N., et al. (2018). Updated calibration of the clumped
isotope thermometer in planktonic and benthic foraminifera.
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 239, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.gca.2018.07.016.
Petit, J. R., Jouzel, J., Raynaud, D., Barkov, N. I., Barnola, J. M.,
Basile, I., et al. (1999). Climate and atmospheric history of the past
420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica. Nature, 399,
429–436.
Prahl, F. G., & Wakeham, S. G. (1987). Calibration of unsaturation
patterns in long-chain ketone compositions for paleotemperature
assessment. Nature, 330, 367–369.
Pisias, N. G., Martinson, D. G., Moore, T. C., Shackleton, N. J., Prell,
W. L., Hays, J. D., et al. (1984). High resolution stratigraphic
correlation of benthic oxygen isotopic records spanning the last
300,000 years. Marine Geology, 56, 119–136.
Railsback, L. B., Gibbard, P. L., Head, M. J., Voarintsoa, N. R. G., &
Toucanne, S. (2015). An optimized scheme of lettered marine
isotope substages for the last 1.0 million years, and the climatostratigraphic nature of isotope stages and substages. Quaternary Science Reviews, 111, 94–106.
Rasmussen, S. O., Bigler, M., Blockley, S. P., Blunier, T., Buchardt, S.
L., Clausen, H. B., et al. (2014). A stratigraphic framework for
abrupt climatic changes during the last glacial period based on three
synchronized Greenland ice-core records: Refining and extending
the INTIMATE event stratigraphy. Quaternary Science Reviews,
106, 14–28.
Raymo, M. E., Oppo, D. W., & Curry, W. (1997). The mid-Pleistocene
climate transition: A deep sea carbon isotopic perspective. Paleoceanography, 12(4), 546–559.
Renssen, H., Mairesse, A., Goosse, H., Mathiot, P., Heiri, O., Roche,
D. M., et al. (2015). Multiple causes of the Younger Dryas cold
period. Nature Geoscience, 8(12), 946–949.
252
T. Caley et al.
Comparison of statistical and artificial neuronal network techniques
for estimating past sea surface temperatures from planktonic
foraminifera census data. Paleoceanography, 16, 520–530.
Mann, M. E., Bradley, R. S., & Hughes, M. K. (1998). Global-scale
temperature patterns and climate forcing over the past six centuries.
Nature, 392(6678), 779.
Marchitto, T. M., & Broecker, W. S. (2006). Deep water mass
geometry in the glacial Atlantic Ocean: A review of constraints
from the paleonutrient proxy Cd/Ca. Geochemistry, Geophysics,
Geosystems, 7, Q12003.
Marchitto, T. M., Curry, W. B., Lynch-Stieglitz, J., Bryan, S. P., Cobb,
K. M., & Lund, D. C. (2014). Improved oxygen isotope temperature
calibrations for cosmopolitan benthic foraminifera. Geochimica et
Cosmochimica Acta, 130, 1–11.
Marcott, S. A., Bauska, T. K., Buizert, C., Steig, E. J., Rosen, J. L.,
Cuffey, K. M., et al. (2014). Centennial-scale changes in the global
carbon cycle during the last deglaciation. Nature, 514, 616–619.
MARGO Project Members. (2009). Constraints on the magnitude and
patterns of ocean cooling at the last glacial maximum. Nature
Geoscience. https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO411.
Mashiotta, T. A., Lea, D. W., & Spero, H. J. (1999). Glacial–
interglacial changes in Subantarctic sea surface temperature and
d
18
O-water using foraminiferal Mg. Earth and Planetary Science
Letters, 170(4), 417–432.
Mathien-Blard, E., & Bassinot, F. (2009). Salinity bias on the
foraminifera Mg/Ca thermometry: Correction procedure and implications for past ocean hydrographic reconstructions. Geochemistry,
Geophysics, Geosystems, 10, Q12011. https://doi.org/10.1029/
2008gc002353.
M’boule, D., Chivall, D., Sinke-Schoen, D., Sinninghe Damsté, J. S.,
Schouten, S., & van der Meer, M. T. (2014). Salinity dependent
hydrogen isotope fractionation in alkenones produced by coastal
and open ocean haptophyte algae. Geochimica et Cosmochimica
Acta, 130, 126–135.
McClymont, E. L., Sosdian, S. M., Rosell-Melé, A., & Rosenthal, Y.
(2013). Pleistocene sea-surface temperature evolution: Early cooling, delayed glacial intensification, and implications for the
mid-Pleistocene climate transition. Earth-Science Reviews, 123,
173–193.
McCorkle, D. C., Martin, P., Lea, D. W., & Klinkhammer, G. (1995).
Evidence of a dissolution effect on benthic foraminiferal shell
chemistry: d
13
C, Cd/Ca, Ba/Ca, and Sr/Ca results from the Ontong
Java Plateau. Paleoceanography, 10, 699–714.
McGregor, H. V., Evans, M. N., Goosse, H., Leduc, G., Martrat, B.,
Addison, J. A., et al. (2015). Robust global ocean cooling trend for
the pre-industrial Common Era. Nature Geoscience, 8, 671–677.
https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2510.
McManus, J. F., Francois, R., Gherardi, J.-M., Keigwin, L. D., &
Brown-Leger, S. (2004). Collapse and rapid resumption of Atlantic
meridional circulation linked to deglacial climate changes. Nature,
428, 834–837.
Mezger, E. M., Nooijer, L. J., Boer, W., Brummer, G. J. A., & Reichart,
G. J. (2016). Salinity controls on Na incorporation in Red Sea
planktonic foraminifera. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology,
31(12), 1562–1582.
Montagna, P., McCulloch, M., Douville, E., López Correa, M., Trotter,
J., Rodolfo-Metalpa, R., et al. (2014). Li/Mg systematics in
scleractinian corals: Calibration of the thermometer. Geochimica
et Cosmochimica Acta, 132, 288–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.
2014.02.005.
Montes, C., Cardona, A., Jaramillo, C., Pardo, A., Silva, J. C.,
Valencia, V., et al. (2015). Middle Miocene closure of the Central
American seaway. Science, 348, 226–229.
Mulitza, S., Boltovskoy, D., Donner, B., Meggers, H., Paul, A., &
Wefer, G. (2003). Temperature: [delta]18O relationships of planktonic foraminifera collected from surface waters. Palaeogeography,
Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 202, 143–152. https://doi.org/
10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00633-3.
Müller, P. J., Kirst, G., Ruhland, G., Von Storch, I., & Rosell-Melé, A.
(1998). Calibration of the alkenone paleotemperature index U 37 K′
based on core-tops from the eastern South Atlantic and the global
ocean (60 N-60 S). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 62(10),
1757–1772.
Otto-Bliesner, B. L., Braconnot, P., Harrison, S. P., Lunt, D. J.,
Abe-Ouchi, A., Albani, S., et al. (2017). The PMIP4 contribution to
CMIP6—Part 2: Two interglacials, scientific objective and experimental design for Holocene and Last Interglacial simulations.
Geoscientific Model Development, 10, 3979–4003. https://doi.org/
10.5194/gmd-10-3979-2017.
Ostlund, H. G. (1987). GEOSECS Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Ocean
Expeditions (Vol. 7).
PAGES 2 k Consortium. (2013). Continental-scale temperature variability during the past two millennia. Nature Geoscience, 6, 339.
https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1797.
PAGES 2 k Consortium. (2017). A global multiproxy database for
temperature reconstructions of the common era. Scientific Data, 4,
170088. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.88.
Past InterGlacialS Working Group of PAGES. (2016). Interglacials of
the last 800,000 years. Reviews of Geophysics, 54.
Paul, H. (2002). Application of novel stable isotope methods to
reconstruct paleoenvironments: Compound specific hydrogen isotopes and pore-water oxygen isotopes. Ph.D. thesis, 149 pp., Swiss
Federal Institute of Technology.
Peral, M., Daëron, M., Blamart, D., Bassinot, F., Dewilde, F.,
Smialkowski, N., et al. (2018). Updated calibration of the clumped
isotope thermometer in planktonic and benthic foraminifera.
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 239, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.gca.2018.07.016.
Petit, J. R., Jouzel, J., Raynaud, D., Barkov, N. I., Barnola, J. M.,
Basile, I., et al. (1999). Climate and atmospheric history of the past
420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica. Nature, 399,
429–436.
Prahl, F. G., & Wakeham, S. G. (1987). Calibration of unsaturation
patterns in long-chain ketone compositions for paleotemperature
assessment. Nature, 330, 367–369.
Pisias, N. G., Martinson, D. G., Moore, T. C., Shackleton, N. J., Prell,
W. L., Hays, J. D., et al. (1984). High resolution stratigraphic
correlation of benthic oxygen isotopic records spanning the last
300,000 years. Marine Geology, 56, 119–136.
Railsback, L. B., Gibbard, P. L., Head, M. J., Voarintsoa, N. R. G., &
Toucanne, S. (2015). An optimized scheme of lettered marine
isotope substages for the last 1.0 million years, and the climatostratigraphic nature of isotope stages and substages. Quaternary Science Reviews, 111, 94–106.
Rasmussen, S. O., Bigler, M., Blockley, S. P., Blunier, T., Buchardt, S.
L., Clausen, H. B., et al. (2014). A stratigraphic framework for
abrupt climatic changes during the last glacial period based on three
synchronized Greenland ice-core records: Refining and extending
the INTIMATE event stratigraphy. Quaternary Science Reviews,
106, 14–28.
Raymo, M. E., Oppo, D. W., & Curry, W. (1997). The mid-Pleistocene
climate transition: A deep sea carbon isotopic perspective. Paleoceanography, 12(4), 546–559.
Renssen, H., Mairesse, A., Goosse, H., Mathiot, P., Heiri, O., Roche,
D. M., et al. (2015). Multiple causes of the Younger Dryas cold
period. Nature Geoscience, 8(12), 946–949.
252
T. Caley et al.