Guihou, A., Pichat, S., Nave, S., Govin, A., Labeyrie, L., Michel, E.,
et al. (2010). Late slowdown of the Atlantic Meridional overturning
circulation during the last glacial inception: New constraint from
sedimentary (231 Pa/230Th). Earth and Planetary Science Letters,
289, 520–529.
Guihou, A., Pichat, S., Govin, A., Nave, S., Michel, E., Duplessy, J.-C.,
et al. (2011). Enhanced Atlantic Meridional overturning circulation
supports the last glacial inception. Quaternary Science Reviews, 30,
1576–1582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.03.017.
Ho, S. L., & Laepple, T. (2016). Flat meridional temperature gradient in
the early Eocene in the subsurface rather than surface ocean. Nature
Geoscience, 9(8), 606.
Hoffman, J. S., Carlson, A. E., Winsor, K., Klinkhammer, G. P.,
LeGrande, A. N., Andrews, J. T., & Strasser, J. C. (2012). Linking
the 8.2 ka event and its freshwater forcing in the Labrador Sea.
Geophysical Research Letters, 39(18).
Hoffman, J. S., Clark, P. U., Parnell, A. C., & He, F. (2017). Regional
and global sea-surface temperatures during the last interglaciation.
Science, 355(6322), 276–279.
Hönisch, B., Hemming, N. G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., & McManus,
J. F. (2009). Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration across the
Mid-Pleistocene transition. Science, 324, 1551–1556.
Hönisch, B., Allen, K. A., Russell, A. D., Eggins, S. M., Bijma, J.,
Spero, H. J., et al. (2011). Planktic foraminifers as recorders of
seawater Ba/Ca. Marine Micropaleontology, 79, 52–57. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2011.01.003.
Hönisch, B., Allen, K. A., Lea, D. W., Spero, H. J., Eggins, S. M.,
Arbuszewski, J., et al. (2013). The influence of salinity on Mg/Ca in
planktic foraminifers—Evidence from cultures, core-top sediments
and complementary d18O. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 121,
196–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.07.028.
Imbrie, J., & Kipp, N. G. (1971). A new micropaleontological method
for quantitative paleoclimatology: Application to a late Pleistocene
Caribbean Core. In K. K. Turekian (Ed.), The late Cenozoic glacial
ages (pp. 71–181). Yale University Press.
Jansen, E., & Sjoholm, J. (1991). Reconstruction of glaciation over the
6 Myr from ice-borne deposits in the Norwegian Sea. Nature, 349,
600–603.
Kageyama, M., Braconnot, P., Harrison, S. P., Haywood, A. M.,
Jungclaus, J. H., Otto-Bliesner, B. L., et al. (2018). The PMIP4
contribution to CMIP6—Part 1: Overview and over-arching analysis plan. Geoscientific Model Development, 11, 1033–1057.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-1033-2018.
Kallel, N., Labeyrie, L. D., Juillet-Leclerc, A., & Duplessy, J. C.
(1988). A deep hydrological front between intermediate and
deep-water masses in the glacial Indian Ocean. Nature, 333, 651–
655.
Kallel, N., Paterne, M., Duplessy, J. C., Vergnaud-Grazzini, C., Pujol,
C., Labeyrie, L., et al. (1997). Enhanced rainfall in the Mediterranean Region during the last sapropel event. Oceanologica Acta,
20, 697–712.
Keigwin, L. D., & Swift, S. A. (2017). Carbon isotope evidence for a
northern source of deep water in the glacial western North Atlantic.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(11), 2831–
2835.
Kele, S., Breitenbach, S. F. M., Capezzuoli, E., Meckler, A. N., Ziegler,
M., Millan, I. M., et al. (2015). Temperature dependence of oxygenand clumped isotope fractionation in carbonates: A study of
travertines and tufas in the 6–95 °C temperature range. Geochimica
et Cosmochimica Acta, 168, 172–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.
2015.06.032.
Khider, D., Huerta, G., Jackson, C., Stott, L. D., & Emile-Geay,
J. (2015). A Bayesian, multivariate calibration for Globigerinoides
ruber Mg/Ca. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 16, 2916–
2932. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GC005844.
Kim, J.-H., van der Meer, J., Schouten, S., Helmke, P., Willmott, V.,
Sangiorgi, F., et al. (2010). New indices and calibrations derived
from the distribution of crenarchaeal isoprenoid tetraether lipids:
Implications for past sea surface temperature reconstructions.
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 74, 4639–4654. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.05.027.
Koç, N., Jansen, E., & Haflidason, H. (1993). Paleoceanographic
Reconstructions of surface Ocean conditions in the Greenland,
Iceland and Norwegian Seas through the Last 14 Ka based on
diatoms. Quaternary Science Reviews, 12, 115–140.
Labeyrie, L. D., Duplessy, J. C., & Blanc, P. L. (1987). Variations in
mode of formation and temperature of oceanic deep waters over the
past 125,000 years. Nature, 327.
Labeyrie, L., Duplessy, J. C., Duprat, J., Juillet-Leclerc, A., Moyes, J.,
Michel, E., et al. (1992). Changes in vertical structure of the North
Atlantic Ocean between glacial and modern times. Quaternary
Science Reviews, 11, 401–413.
Lea, D. W., Mashiotta, T. A., & Spero, H. J. (1999). Controls on
magnesium and strontium uptake in planktonic foraminifera
determined by live culturing. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,
63(16), 2369–2379.
Leduc, G., Sachs, J. P., Kawka, O. E., & Schneider, R. R. (2013).
Holocene changes in eastern equatorial Atlantic salinity as
estimated by water isotopologues, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 362,
151–162.
LeGrande, A. N., & Schmidt, G. A. (2006). Global gridded data set of
the oxygen isotopic composition in seawater. Geophysical research
letters, 33(12).
LeGrande, A. N., & Schmidt, G. A. (2011). Water isotopologues as a
quantitative paleosalinity proxy. Paleoceanography, 26, PA3225.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010pa002043.
Leydet, D. J., Carlson, A. E., Teller, J. T., Breckenridge, A., J. E.,
Barth, A. M., Ullman, D. J., Sinclair, G., Milne, G. A., Cuzzone,
J. K., Caffee, M. W. (2018). Opening of glacial Lake Agassiz’s
eastern outlets by the start of the Younger Dryas cold period.
Geology, 46, 155–158. https://doi.org/10.1130/G39501.1.
Lippold, J., Gutjahr, M., Blaser, P., Christner, E., de Carvalho Ferreira,
M. L., Mulitza, S., et al. (2016). Deep water provenance and
dynamics of the (de) glacial Atlantic meridional overturning
circulation. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 445, 68–78.
Lisiecki, L. E. & Raymo, M. E. (2005). A Pleiocene-Pleistocene stack
of 57 globally distributed d
18
O records. Paleoceanography, 20.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004PA001071.
Lombard, F., Labeyrie, L., Michel, E., Spero, H. J., & Lea, D. W.
(2009). Modelling the temperature dependent growth rates of
planktic foraminifera. Marine Micropaleontology, 70, 1–7.
Lynch-Stieglitz, J., Curry, W. B., & Slowey, N. (1999). A geostrophic
transport estimate for the Florida current from the oxygen isotope
composition of benthic foraminifera. Paleoceanography, 14, 360–
373.
Lynch-Stieglitz, J., Adkins, J. F., Curry, W. B., Dokken, T., Hall, I. R.,
Herguera, J. C., Hirschi, J.l.J.M., Ivanova, E. V., Kissel, C.,
Marchal, O., Marchitto, T. M., McCave, I. N., McManus, J. F.,
Mulitza, S., Ninnemann, U., Peeters, F., Yu, E.-F., & Zahn, R.
(2007). Atlantic Meridional overturning circulation during the last
glacial maximum. Science, 316, 66–69. https://doi.org/10.1126/
science.1137127.
Lynch-Stieglitz, J., Schmidt, M. W., Gene Henry, L., Curry, W. B.,
Skinner, L. C., Mulitza, S., et al. (2014). Muted change in Atlantic
overturning circulation over some glacial-aged Heinrich events.
Nature Geoscience, 7, 144–150. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2045.
Malaizé, B., & Caley, T. (2009). Sea surface salinity reconstruction as
seen with foraminifera shells: Methods and cases studies. The
European Physical Journal Conferences, 1, 177–188. https://doi.
org/10.1140/epjconf/e2009-00919-6.
21 Climate and the Evolution of the Ocean: The Paleoceanographic …
251
et al. (2010). Late slowdown of the Atlantic Meridional overturning
circulation during the last glacial inception: New constraint from
sedimentary (231 Pa/230Th). Earth and Planetary Science Letters,
289, 520–529.
Guihou, A., Pichat, S., Govin, A., Nave, S., Michel, E., Duplessy, J.-C.,
et al. (2011). Enhanced Atlantic Meridional overturning circulation
supports the last glacial inception. Quaternary Science Reviews, 30,
1576–1582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.03.017.
Ho, S. L., & Laepple, T. (2016). Flat meridional temperature gradient in
the early Eocene in the subsurface rather than surface ocean. Nature
Geoscience, 9(8), 606.
Hoffman, J. S., Carlson, A. E., Winsor, K., Klinkhammer, G. P.,
LeGrande, A. N., Andrews, J. T., & Strasser, J. C. (2012). Linking
the 8.2 ka event and its freshwater forcing in the Labrador Sea.
Geophysical Research Letters, 39(18).
Hoffman, J. S., Clark, P. U., Parnell, A. C., & He, F. (2017). Regional
and global sea-surface temperatures during the last interglaciation.
Science, 355(6322), 276–279.
Hönisch, B., Hemming, N. G., Archer, D., Siddall, M., & McManus,
J. F. (2009). Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration across the
Mid-Pleistocene transition. Science, 324, 1551–1556.
Hönisch, B., Allen, K. A., Russell, A. D., Eggins, S. M., Bijma, J.,
Spero, H. J., et al. (2011). Planktic foraminifers as recorders of
seawater Ba/Ca. Marine Micropaleontology, 79, 52–57. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2011.01.003.
Hönisch, B., Allen, K. A., Lea, D. W., Spero, H. J., Eggins, S. M.,
Arbuszewski, J., et al. (2013). The influence of salinity on Mg/Ca in
planktic foraminifers—Evidence from cultures, core-top sediments
and complementary d18O. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 121,
196–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.07.028.
Imbrie, J., & Kipp, N. G. (1971). A new micropaleontological method
for quantitative paleoclimatology: Application to a late Pleistocene
Caribbean Core. In K. K. Turekian (Ed.), The late Cenozoic glacial
ages (pp. 71–181). Yale University Press.
Jansen, E., & Sjoholm, J. (1991). Reconstruction of glaciation over the
6 Myr from ice-borne deposits in the Norwegian Sea. Nature, 349,
600–603.
Kageyama, M., Braconnot, P., Harrison, S. P., Haywood, A. M.,
Jungclaus, J. H., Otto-Bliesner, B. L., et al. (2018). The PMIP4
contribution to CMIP6—Part 1: Overview and over-arching analysis plan. Geoscientific Model Development, 11, 1033–1057.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-1033-2018.
Kallel, N., Labeyrie, L. D., Juillet-Leclerc, A., & Duplessy, J. C.
(1988). A deep hydrological front between intermediate and
deep-water masses in the glacial Indian Ocean. Nature, 333, 651–
655.
Kallel, N., Paterne, M., Duplessy, J. C., Vergnaud-Grazzini, C., Pujol,
C., Labeyrie, L., et al. (1997). Enhanced rainfall in the Mediterranean Region during the last sapropel event. Oceanologica Acta,
20, 697–712.
Keigwin, L. D., & Swift, S. A. (2017). Carbon isotope evidence for a
northern source of deep water in the glacial western North Atlantic.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(11), 2831–
2835.
Kele, S., Breitenbach, S. F. M., Capezzuoli, E., Meckler, A. N., Ziegler,
M., Millan, I. M., et al. (2015). Temperature dependence of oxygenand clumped isotope fractionation in carbonates: A study of
travertines and tufas in the 6–95 °C temperature range. Geochimica
et Cosmochimica Acta, 168, 172–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.
2015.06.032.
Khider, D., Huerta, G., Jackson, C., Stott, L. D., & Emile-Geay,
J. (2015). A Bayesian, multivariate calibration for Globigerinoides
ruber Mg/Ca. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 16, 2916–
2932. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GC005844.
Kim, J.-H., van der Meer, J., Schouten, S., Helmke, P., Willmott, V.,
Sangiorgi, F., et al. (2010). New indices and calibrations derived
from the distribution of crenarchaeal isoprenoid tetraether lipids:
Implications for past sea surface temperature reconstructions.
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 74, 4639–4654. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.05.027.
Koç, N., Jansen, E., & Haflidason, H. (1993). Paleoceanographic
Reconstructions of surface Ocean conditions in the Greenland,
Iceland and Norwegian Seas through the Last 14 Ka based on
diatoms. Quaternary Science Reviews, 12, 115–140.
Labeyrie, L. D., Duplessy, J. C., & Blanc, P. L. (1987). Variations in
mode of formation and temperature of oceanic deep waters over the
past 125,000 years. Nature, 327.
Labeyrie, L., Duplessy, J. C., Duprat, J., Juillet-Leclerc, A., Moyes, J.,
Michel, E., et al. (1992). Changes in vertical structure of the North
Atlantic Ocean between glacial and modern times. Quaternary
Science Reviews, 11, 401–413.
Lea, D. W., Mashiotta, T. A., & Spero, H. J. (1999). Controls on
magnesium and strontium uptake in planktonic foraminifera
determined by live culturing. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,
63(16), 2369–2379.
Leduc, G., Sachs, J. P., Kawka, O. E., & Schneider, R. R. (2013).
Holocene changes in eastern equatorial Atlantic salinity as
estimated by water isotopologues, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 362,
151–162.
LeGrande, A. N., & Schmidt, G. A. (2006). Global gridded data set of
the oxygen isotopic composition in seawater. Geophysical research
letters, 33(12).
LeGrande, A. N., & Schmidt, G. A. (2011). Water isotopologues as a
quantitative paleosalinity proxy. Paleoceanography, 26, PA3225.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010pa002043.
Leydet, D. J., Carlson, A. E., Teller, J. T., Breckenridge, A., J. E.,
Barth, A. M., Ullman, D. J., Sinclair, G., Milne, G. A., Cuzzone,
J. K., Caffee, M. W. (2018). Opening of glacial Lake Agassiz’s
eastern outlets by the start of the Younger Dryas cold period.
Geology, 46, 155–158. https://doi.org/10.1130/G39501.1.
Lippold, J., Gutjahr, M., Blaser, P., Christner, E., de Carvalho Ferreira,
M. L., Mulitza, S., et al. (2016). Deep water provenance and
dynamics of the (de) glacial Atlantic meridional overturning
circulation. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 445, 68–78.
Lisiecki, L. E. & Raymo, M. E. (2005). A Pleiocene-Pleistocene stack
of 57 globally distributed d
18
O records. Paleoceanography, 20.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004PA001071.
Lombard, F., Labeyrie, L., Michel, E., Spero, H. J., & Lea, D. W.
(2009). Modelling the temperature dependent growth rates of
planktic foraminifera. Marine Micropaleontology, 70, 1–7.
Lynch-Stieglitz, J., Curry, W. B., & Slowey, N. (1999). A geostrophic
transport estimate for the Florida current from the oxygen isotope
composition of benthic foraminifera. Paleoceanography, 14, 360–
373.
Lynch-Stieglitz, J., Adkins, J. F., Curry, W. B., Dokken, T., Hall, I. R.,
Herguera, J. C., Hirschi, J.l.J.M., Ivanova, E. V., Kissel, C.,
Marchal, O., Marchitto, T. M., McCave, I. N., McManus, J. F.,
Mulitza, S., Ninnemann, U., Peeters, F., Yu, E.-F., & Zahn, R.
(2007). Atlantic Meridional overturning circulation during the last
glacial maximum. Science, 316, 66–69. https://doi.org/10.1126/
science.1137127.
Lynch-Stieglitz, J., Schmidt, M. W., Gene Henry, L., Curry, W. B.,
Skinner, L. C., Mulitza, S., et al. (2014). Muted change in Atlantic
overturning circulation over some glacial-aged Heinrich events.
Nature Geoscience, 7, 144–150. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2045.
Malaizé, B., & Caley, T. (2009). Sea surface salinity reconstruction as
seen with foraminifera shells: Methods and cases studies. The
European Physical Journal Conferences, 1, 177–188. https://doi.
org/10.1140/epjconf/e2009-00919-6.
21 Climate and the Evolution of the Ocean: The Paleoceanographic …
251