Index 535
MOCVD (metal organic CVD), 263
Models, analytical, 81
Moderate temperature CVD (MTCVD),
263
Modes of loading, 103–104
Modular design, 67–70
Modulus bar chart, 147–149
Modulus of elasticity, 297
Modulus-density bubble chart, 147–149,
151, 159–160, 160f–161f
Modulus-relative cost chart, 149–150,
158, 159f
MOFs (metal organic frameworks), 384–
385, 481f
Mold, 422–423
Molecular chemistry, 7–8
Molecular entities, stability of, 4–5
Molecular motors, 524–525, 524f
Molecular scale, 12f
Molecular self-assembly, 259–260, 261f
Molecular structure, 98–99
Moment of inertia, 295
Monitoring, environmental, 486
Monitoring systems, 468–469, 513
Moths, 348–349
MPa (megapascals), 104
MTCVD (moderate temperature CVD),
263
Multidimensional properties of materials,
81–82
Multifunctionality, 62, 329, 331–332
Multilayer nanocomposite films, 253
Multilayer nanocomposites, 252
Multilayers, 436–438
Multireflective optical films, 351f
Multiwalled nanotubes (MWNTs), 234,
234f, 243–245, 398
Musical instruments, 377–378
Musician Angels, The, 34f
Mussels, 25, 25f, 445–446
MWNTs (multiwalled nanotubes), 234,
234f, 243–245, 398
N
Nano, 3–4, 14–15
Nano engineering, 12f
Nanoadhesives, 443–446
Nano-age, 18f, 21–22, 22f
Nanoclay nanocomposites, 248–249
Nanoclusters, 272f
Nanocoatings, 302, 322, 433–436
Nanocomposites
in automotive industry, 507–508
bio/inorganic materials, 253
ceramic-matrix, 299–300
CNTs in, 398–399
in instruments, 378
large-scale, 184f
matrix-reinforced and layered, 183f
metal-matrix, 299
overview, 182, 296
polymer-matrix, 297–298
properties of, 239–253
in thermal sprays, 322
Nanocosmetics, 459–464, 478–481
Nanocrystalline iron, 218
Nanocrystalline materials, 182, 182f–
183f, 188–189, 188f, 199, 200f,
202–205, 265, 302
Nanodispersions, 201–202
Nanoelectronics, 9
Nanoeletromechanical systems (NEMS),
469–470
Nano-engineered concrete, 304f
Nanofillers, 397–398
Nanofilms, 215–217, 216f, 273f, 346,
347f, 436–438
Nanofluids, 324–325, 325f, 470
Nanofoam, 319–320, 449f
Nanogel-filled panels, 66f
Nanolaminates, 206–207, 211, 211f
Nanolayers, 272f
Nanomaterials
See also electron microscopy; forms,
nanomaterial; functions,
nanomaterial; size effects; specific
microscopes by name; specific
nanomaterials by name; specific
spectroscopy techniques by name
acoustic properties, 232
angular dependence of colors of,
346
in art and culture
conservation, 32–38
examples, 29–32
characterization of, 271–288
classification of, 177–182
costs, 396–401
defined, 89
in design, 41–49
electrical properties, 218–222
magnetic properties, 222–227
mechanical properties
amorphous materials, 207–211
nanocrystalline solids, 202–205
nanodispersions, 201–202
nanolaminates, 206–207
scale, 199–201
and nanostructures in nature, 23–29
optical properties, 227–232
optical properties of, 346
overview, 1–10
strength of versus other materials,
295–296
systems and assemblies, 66f
thermal properties
melting point, 211–214
thermal transport, 214–218
Nanomedicine, 9–10
Nanopaints, 438–441, 508–509, 508f
Nanoparticles, 22f, 177, 179f, 272f–273f
Nanophosphors, 344–345, 355–356
Nanoporous materials, 217, 374,
446–450
Nanoprofiling, 267–271, 272f
Nanoscale layered silicates, 247–248
Nanoscale products, 70f
Nanoscale silicates, 298
Nanosealants, 441–442
Nanosilica particles, 304–305
Nanostructures in nature, 23–29
Nanotechnology. See also specific
applications by name
Nanotextiles
bioclothing, 458–459
biofilters and absorbers, 458
fire retardancy, 456
nanotechnology in textiles, 453–455
optical qualities, 457
photovoltaic textiles, 457–458
sensing, 459
strength, 455–456
surface characteristics, 456
textiles in design, 450–453
thermal properties, 458
Nanotribology, 301–302
Nanotubes. See carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
Nanowires, 260–261, 273f
National funding for nanotechnology, 10,
10f
Natural convection, 308–309
Natural polymers, 88
Nature, nanomaterials and
nanostructures in, 23–29
Navier-Stokes formulations, 316
Near-field scanning optical microscope
(NSOM), 273–274, 273f
NEMS (nanoeletromechanical systems),
469–470
Net flux model, 117, 117f
Net structures, 452
Network polymers, 99, 100f
Neurons, 29f
Ni-Cd batteries, 386t
Nickel, 205–206, 205f–206f
Ni-MH batteries, 385, 386t
Nippondenso Co., 5, 5f
Nitric oxide (NO x ), 417, 417f
Noise control, 367–369
Noise mitigation, 365
Noncontact mode, AFM, 283–284, 284f
Nondominated solutions, 165–166,
165f
Nontransparency of metals, 137–138
Nonwoven textiles, 450–451
NO x (nitric oxide), 417, 417f
NSOM (near-field scanning optical
microscope), 273–274, 273f
O
Objectives, 75–76, 79, 81–83, 154–156,
156t. See also conflicting objectives
Odor-free clothing, 421, 422f
MOCVD (metal organic CVD), 263
Models, analytical, 81
Moderate temperature CVD (MTCVD),
263
Modes of loading, 103–104
Modular design, 67–70
Modulus bar chart, 147–149
Modulus of elasticity, 297
Modulus-density bubble chart, 147–149,
151, 159–160, 160f–161f
Modulus-relative cost chart, 149–150,
158, 159f
MOFs (metal organic frameworks), 384–
385, 481f
Mold, 422–423
Molecular chemistry, 7–8
Molecular entities, stability of, 4–5
Molecular motors, 524–525, 524f
Molecular scale, 12f
Molecular self-assembly, 259–260, 261f
Molecular structure, 98–99
Moment of inertia, 295
Monitoring, environmental, 486
Monitoring systems, 468–469, 513
Moths, 348–349
MPa (megapascals), 104
MTCVD (moderate temperature CVD),
263
Multidimensional properties of materials,
81–82
Multifunctionality, 62, 329, 331–332
Multilayer nanocomposite films, 253
Multilayer nanocomposites, 252
Multilayers, 436–438
Multireflective optical films, 351f
Multiwalled nanotubes (MWNTs), 234,
234f, 243–245, 398
Musical instruments, 377–378
Musician Angels, The, 34f
Mussels, 25, 25f, 445–446
MWNTs (multiwalled nanotubes), 234,
234f, 243–245, 398
N
Nano, 3–4, 14–15
Nano engineering, 12f
Nanoadhesives, 443–446
Nano-age, 18f, 21–22, 22f
Nanoclay nanocomposites, 248–249
Nanoclusters, 272f
Nanocoatings, 302, 322, 433–436
Nanocomposites
in automotive industry, 507–508
bio/inorganic materials, 253
ceramic-matrix, 299–300
CNTs in, 398–399
in instruments, 378
large-scale, 184f
matrix-reinforced and layered, 183f
metal-matrix, 299
overview, 182, 296
polymer-matrix, 297–298
properties of, 239–253
in thermal sprays, 322
Nanocosmetics, 459–464, 478–481
Nanocrystalline iron, 218
Nanocrystalline materials, 182, 182f–
183f, 188–189, 188f, 199, 200f,
202–205, 265, 302
Nanodispersions, 201–202
Nanoelectronics, 9
Nanoeletromechanical systems (NEMS),
469–470
Nano-engineered concrete, 304f
Nanofillers, 397–398
Nanofilms, 215–217, 216f, 273f, 346,
347f, 436–438
Nanofluids, 324–325, 325f, 470
Nanofoam, 319–320, 449f
Nanogel-filled panels, 66f
Nanolaminates, 206–207, 211, 211f
Nanolayers, 272f
Nanomaterials
See also electron microscopy; forms,
nanomaterial; functions,
nanomaterial; size effects; specific
microscopes by name; specific
nanomaterials by name; specific
spectroscopy techniques by name
acoustic properties, 232
angular dependence of colors of,
346
in art and culture
conservation, 32–38
examples, 29–32
characterization of, 271–288
classification of, 177–182
costs, 396–401
defined, 89
in design, 41–49
electrical properties, 218–222
magnetic properties, 222–227
mechanical properties
amorphous materials, 207–211
nanocrystalline solids, 202–205
nanodispersions, 201–202
nanolaminates, 206–207
scale, 199–201
and nanostructures in nature, 23–29
optical properties, 227–232
optical properties of, 346
overview, 1–10
strength of versus other materials,
295–296
systems and assemblies, 66f
thermal properties
melting point, 211–214
thermal transport, 214–218
Nanomedicine, 9–10
Nanopaints, 438–441, 508–509, 508f
Nanoparticles, 22f, 177, 179f, 272f–273f
Nanophosphors, 344–345, 355–356
Nanoporous materials, 217, 374,
446–450
Nanoprofiling, 267–271, 272f
Nanoscale layered silicates, 247–248
Nanoscale products, 70f
Nanoscale silicates, 298
Nanosealants, 441–442
Nanosilica particles, 304–305
Nanostructures in nature, 23–29
Nanotechnology. See also specific
applications by name
Nanotextiles
bioclothing, 458–459
biofilters and absorbers, 458
fire retardancy, 456
nanotechnology in textiles, 453–455
optical qualities, 457
photovoltaic textiles, 457–458
sensing, 459
strength, 455–456
surface characteristics, 456
textiles in design, 450–453
thermal properties, 458
Nanotribology, 301–302
Nanotubes. See carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
Nanowires, 260–261, 273f
National funding for nanotechnology, 10,
10f
Natural convection, 308–309
Natural polymers, 88
Nature, nanomaterials and
nanostructures in, 23–29
Navier-Stokes formulations, 316
Near-field scanning optical microscope
(NSOM), 273–274, 273f
NEMS (nanoeletromechanical systems),
469–470
Net flux model, 117, 117f
Net structures, 452
Network polymers, 99, 100f
Neurons, 29f
Ni-Cd batteries, 386t
Nickel, 205–206, 205f–206f
Ni-MH batteries, 385, 386t
Nippondenso Co., 5, 5f
Nitric oxide (NO x ), 417, 417f
Noise control, 367–369
Noise mitigation, 365
Noncontact mode, AFM, 283–284, 284f
Nondominated solutions, 165–166,
165f
Nontransparency of metals, 137–138
Nonwoven textiles, 450–451
NO x (nitric oxide), 417, 417f
NSOM (near-field scanning optical
microscope), 273–274, 273f
O
Objectives, 75–76, 79, 81–83, 154–156,
156t. See also conflicting objectives
Odor-free clothing, 421, 422f