Index
532
Ferroni-Dini technique, 34f, 35–36
FETs (field-effect transistors), 221–222,
222f, 236–237, 237f
Feynman, Richard, 1–3
FIB (focused ion-beam) machining, 268,
268t, 270f
Field emission, 239
Field emission emitters, 275
Field emission guns (FEGs), 275, 275f
Field ion microscopy (FIM), 281, 282f
Field-effect transistors (FETs), 221–222,
222f, 236–237, 237f
Figure of Merit, 326–327, 327f, 379–380
Filtering membrane technologies, 488–
490, 488f
Filtration systems, air, 492–493
FIM (field ion microscopy), 281, 282f
Finishes, textile, 454–455
Fire retardancy, nanotextile, 456
Flash sintering, 267, 269f
Flat-panel displays, 239, 239f
Flowcharts, design, 70–71
Flow-through capacitors, 491, 491f
Fluorescence, 140–141, 355
Flux density, 127
Foams, 103
Focused ion-beam (FIB) machining, 268,
268t, 270f
Forced convection, 308–309
Forces for change, 46, 47f
Forms, nanomaterial
multilayers and nanofilms, 436–438
nanoadhesives, 443–446
nanocoatings, 433–436
nanocosmetics, 459–464
nanopaints, 438–441
nanoporous materials, 446–450
nanosealants, 441–442
nanotextiles
bioclothing, 458–459
biofilters and absorbers, 458
fire retardancy, 456
nanotechnology in textiles, 453–455
optical qualities, 457
photovoltaic textiles, 457–458
sensing, 459
strength, 455–456
surface characteristics, 456
textiles in design, 450–453
thermal properties, 458
overview, 403–406, 431–433
Fouling, 488–489, 488f
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)
spectroscopy, 286, 286f
Fracture healing, bone, 27–28, 29f
Frame components, automotive, 507
Free electrons, 214
Free layer, 226–227
Free variables, 155–156, 156t
Free-jet expansion, 258
Frenkel defects, 100, 102f
Frequency, 365–366
Frescoes, 33
Fresnel’s construction, 136
Friction, nanocomponent, 4–5
FTIR (Fourier transform infrared)
spectroscopy, 286, 286f
Fuel cells, 237–238, 382–383, 382f, 388f
Fullerene gears, 524–525, 524f
Function, 156t
Functional surfaces, 63f, 64, 65f
Functionalized carbon nanotubes, 399
Functionally defined roles, 291
Functions, nanomaterial
antifogging, 427
antireflection, 427
cleaning and antimicrobial actions,
407–412
overview, 403–406
self-cleaning
antimicrobial materials, 419–423
and antipollutant concrete, 416–418
easy-cleaning materials, 418–419
glasses and tiles, 412–414
paints, textiles, and others, 414–416
self-healing, 423–427
smart behaviors
color changing, 429
overview, 427–429
shape changing, 429–430
smart skins and envelopes, 431
varying other properties, 430–431
G
Gas permeation resistance, 298
Gears, molecular, 7f
Geckos, 25–26, 26f, 444–445, 444f–445f
Generative factors for design, 77–78
Geomembranes, 453
Geometric characteristics of buildings,
315
Geotextiles, 453
Gesture recognition, 333–334
Giant magnetoresistance (GMR), 225–
227, 227f
Gibbs free energy, 191–192
Gilding, 261
Glass, 29–30, 30f, 66f, 207, 412–414. See
also amorphous materials
Glass temperature (T g ), 113
Glass transition temperature (Tg), 241
Global temperatures, 379, 379f
Gloves, 323
GMR (giant magnetoresistance), 225–
227, 227f
Gold, 10, 261, 261f
Government funding for nanotechnology,
10, 10f
Graft copolymers, 99f
Grain boundaries, 102, 103f–104f
Grains, 202–205, 204f, 224–225
Greenhouse gases, 379
Grosser Musikvereinssaal concert hall,
78f
Ground-heat transfer modeling,
315–316
Group velocity, 215
Guidelines, selection, 159, 160f
H
HAADF (high-angle annular dark-field)
detector, 280–281, 282f
Hairs, gecko, 25–26, 26f
Hall-Petch constant, 204
Hall-Petch equation, 204–205, 205f
Hard magnets, 129–130
Hardness, 107–108, 302. See also
strength
HCP (hexagonal closed packed) unit
cells, 96–97, 96f
Health issues, nanotechnology
debate over nanocosmetics,
478–481
effects, 476–478
health concerns, 472–481
medical and pharmaceutical
applications, 468–472
overview, 467–468
primary considerations, 475–476
Health qualities of materials, 44f, 46
Heat, 113–117. See also thermal
environments
Heat capacity at constant volume (C v ),
113–114
Heat capacity (C p ), 113–115, 114f, 116f,
154, 218
Heat exchangers, 323–325
Heat pipes, 310–311, 323–325
Heat transfer, 308–309, 323–325
Heating devices, 325–327
Heinserberg Uncertainty Principle, 90
Hexagonal closed packed (HCP) unit
cells, 96–97, 96f
High-angle annular dark-field (HAADF)
detector, 280–281, 282f
Holistic design approaches, 68–69, 68f
Hollow-fiber membranes, 489f
Hollow-tube approach, self-healing, 426,
426f
Homopolymers, 98–99
Horns, rhinoceros, 26–27, 27f–28f
Human body, chemical composition of,
1, 2t
Human brain, 28–29, 29f
Human circadian systems, 341
Human scale, 11–12, 12f
Hydrogen atom, 90–93, 90f, 92f
Hydrogen storage, 237–238
Hydrogen storage, automotive, 505
Hydrophilic action, 407–410, 407f
Hydrophobic action, 407–409, 407f–
408f, 410f
Hydrostatic pressure, 104–105, 106f
532
Ferroni-Dini technique, 34f, 35–36
FETs (field-effect transistors), 221–222,
222f, 236–237, 237f
Feynman, Richard, 1–3
FIB (focused ion-beam) machining, 268,
268t, 270f
Field emission, 239
Field emission emitters, 275
Field emission guns (FEGs), 275, 275f
Field ion microscopy (FIM), 281, 282f
Field-effect transistors (FETs), 221–222,
222f, 236–237, 237f
Figure of Merit, 326–327, 327f, 379–380
Filtering membrane technologies, 488–
490, 488f
Filtration systems, air, 492–493
FIM (field ion microscopy), 281, 282f
Finishes, textile, 454–455
Fire retardancy, nanotextile, 456
Flash sintering, 267, 269f
Flat-panel displays, 239, 239f
Flowcharts, design, 70–71
Flow-through capacitors, 491, 491f
Fluorescence, 140–141, 355
Flux density, 127
Foams, 103
Focused ion-beam (FIB) machining, 268,
268t, 270f
Forced convection, 308–309
Forces for change, 46, 47f
Forms, nanomaterial
multilayers and nanofilms, 436–438
nanoadhesives, 443–446
nanocoatings, 433–436
nanocosmetics, 459–464
nanopaints, 438–441
nanoporous materials, 446–450
nanosealants, 441–442
nanotextiles
bioclothing, 458–459
biofilters and absorbers, 458
fire retardancy, 456
nanotechnology in textiles, 453–455
optical qualities, 457
photovoltaic textiles, 457–458
sensing, 459
strength, 455–456
surface characteristics, 456
textiles in design, 450–453
thermal properties, 458
overview, 403–406, 431–433
Fouling, 488–489, 488f
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)
spectroscopy, 286, 286f
Fracture healing, bone, 27–28, 29f
Frame components, automotive, 507
Free electrons, 214
Free layer, 226–227
Free variables, 155–156, 156t
Free-jet expansion, 258
Frenkel defects, 100, 102f
Frequency, 365–366
Frescoes, 33
Fresnel’s construction, 136
Friction, nanocomponent, 4–5
FTIR (Fourier transform infrared)
spectroscopy, 286, 286f
Fuel cells, 237–238, 382–383, 382f, 388f
Fullerene gears, 524–525, 524f
Function, 156t
Functional surfaces, 63f, 64, 65f
Functionalized carbon nanotubes, 399
Functionally defined roles, 291
Functions, nanomaterial
antifogging, 427
antireflection, 427
cleaning and antimicrobial actions,
407–412
overview, 403–406
self-cleaning
antimicrobial materials, 419–423
and antipollutant concrete, 416–418
easy-cleaning materials, 418–419
glasses and tiles, 412–414
paints, textiles, and others, 414–416
self-healing, 423–427
smart behaviors
color changing, 429
overview, 427–429
shape changing, 429–430
smart skins and envelopes, 431
varying other properties, 430–431
G
Gas permeation resistance, 298
Gears, molecular, 7f
Geckos, 25–26, 26f, 444–445, 444f–445f
Generative factors for design, 77–78
Geomembranes, 453
Geometric characteristics of buildings,
315
Geotextiles, 453
Gesture recognition, 333–334
Giant magnetoresistance (GMR), 225–
227, 227f
Gibbs free energy, 191–192
Gilding, 261
Glass, 29–30, 30f, 66f, 207, 412–414. See
also amorphous materials
Glass temperature (T g ), 113
Glass transition temperature (Tg), 241
Global temperatures, 379, 379f
Gloves, 323
GMR (giant magnetoresistance), 225–
227, 227f
Gold, 10, 261, 261f
Government funding for nanotechnology,
10, 10f
Graft copolymers, 99f
Grain boundaries, 102, 103f–104f
Grains, 202–205, 204f, 224–225
Greenhouse gases, 379
Grosser Musikvereinssaal concert hall,
78f
Ground-heat transfer modeling,
315–316
Group velocity, 215
Guidelines, selection, 159, 160f
H
HAADF (high-angle annular dark-field)
detector, 280–281, 282f
Hairs, gecko, 25–26, 26f
Hall-Petch constant, 204
Hall-Petch equation, 204–205, 205f
Hard magnets, 129–130
Hardness, 107–108, 302. See also
strength
HCP (hexagonal closed packed) unit
cells, 96–97, 96f
Health issues, nanotechnology
debate over nanocosmetics,
478–481
effects, 476–478
health concerns, 472–481
medical and pharmaceutical
applications, 468–472
overview, 467–468
primary considerations, 475–476
Health qualities of materials, 44f, 46
Heat, 113–117. See also thermal
environments
Heat capacity at constant volume (C v ),
113–114
Heat capacity (C p ), 113–115, 114f, 116f,
154, 218
Heat exchangers, 323–325
Heat pipes, 310–311, 323–325
Heat transfer, 308–309, 323–325
Heating devices, 325–327
Heinserberg Uncertainty Principle, 90
Hexagonal closed packed (HCP) unit
cells, 96–97, 96f
High-angle annular dark-field (HAADF)
detector, 280–281, 282f
Holistic design approaches, 68–69, 68f
Hollow-fiber membranes, 489f
Hollow-tube approach, self-healing, 426,
426f
Homopolymers, 98–99
Horns, rhinoceros, 26–27, 27f–28f
Human body, chemical composition of,
1, 2t
Human brain, 28–29, 29f
Human circadian systems, 341
Human scale, 11–12, 12f
Hydrogen atom, 90–93, 90f, 92f
Hydrogen storage, 237–238
Hydrogen storage, automotive, 505
Hydrophilic action, 407–410, 407f
Hydrophobic action, 407–409, 407f–
408f, 410f
Hydrostatic pressure, 104–105, 106f