Index 529
Chemical functionalization, 243–244
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD), 234–
235, 234t, 347–348
Chemochromics, 429
Chemoluminescent technologies, 355
Chip technology, 329
Chiral nanotube, 234, 236f
Chirality, 233, 236f
Chloroplasts, 23–24, 24f
Chromics, 352–355
Chromogenic materials, 344
Circadian systems, human, 341
Cité de la Musique et des Beaux-Arts,
417f
Civil engineering, 55. See also building
design
Classes of materials, 87–89
Classical effect, 218
Classification of nanomaterials, 177–182,
186f
Cleaning actions, 407–412. See also selfcleaning materials
Climatic conditions, and building design,
57
Clock of life, Earth’s, 23f
Closed domain structure, macroscopic
ferromagnetic material, 223f
Cloth, 450–451. See also textiles
Clubs, amorphous metal based, 301
CMR (colossal magnetoresistance), 227
CNTs. See carbon nanotubes
Coarse-grained copper, 202–203
Coatings, 300–301, 348–350, 433–436,
441f, 454, 456
Coercive field, 128–129
Coercivity field, 224–225, 224f
Cognition levels, 393–394, 393f
Coherency, design, 70–71
Cold drawing, 107
Collagen fibrils, 27, 28f
Color, 139–140, 339–340
Color-changing materials, 352, 429
Colossal magnetoresistance (CMR),
227
Columns, 103–104, 105f
Communication systems, 513
Complexity, product, 53–54
Composite materials, 88, 103
Composite technology, 20–21
Compression, 42–43, 43f, 104–105
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
models, 316–317
Computer-aided selection, 160–161
Computer-based control systems, 307
Computers, 310–311
Computers-based lighting simulations,
343
Computers-based sound simulation
models, 371
Concave surface curvature, 190–193,
191f, 193f
Concept development, 72
Conceptual design proposals, initial,
79–80
Concern-driven forces for change, 46, 47f
Concert hall design, 78–85
Concrete, 45f, 66f, 302–306, 416–418,
484, 494–495
Condensers, 119–120, 120f
Conduction electrons, 196, 196f
Conductive heat loss, 314
Conductive materials, 317–322
Conductivity
electrical, 118–119, 122–124
thermal, 114, 116–117
Conductors, 122–124, 123f, 194–195,
195f
Confined electrons, 195–196
Conflicting objectives
design, 81–82
overview, 162–163
penalty functions, 166–167
systematic methods, 164–165
tradeoff strategies, 165–166
values for exchange constants,
167–170
weight factors, 163–164
Conflicts, system, 73
Confocal scanning light microscope, 274,
274f–275f
Conservation, of art, 32–38
Consistency, design, 70–71
Consolidation, nanostructured particle,
267
Constant-current mode, STM, 281–283,
283f
Constant-height mode, STM, 281–283,
283f
Constituent systems, 64
Constraints, 154–156, 156t
Construction industry, 82, 510–518. See
also building design
Constructive interference, 345–346,
346f
Consumer appeal, 164
Contact angle, 409–410
Contact mode, AFM, 283–284, 284f
Context, of materials, 45
Continuous improvement, 524
Contrast enhancement, 348–350
Control systems, 513
Convection, 308–309
Conventional engineering, 12f
Convex surface curvature, 190–193, 191f,
193f
Cooling devices, 325–327
Copolymers, 98–99
Copper, 202–203, 203f, 328, 420
Copper Age, 17, 18f
Copper-nickel nanolaminates, 206,
206f
Core textile materials, 454
Corrosion protection, 302
Cosmetics, 459–464, 478–481
Cost
of CNTs, 399–401, 399f
of electronics technology
development, 331
minimizing, 164
of nanomaterials, 396–401, 400f
Cost chart, modulus-relative, 149–150,
158, 159f
Coulomb blockade, 221–222, 222f
Coulomb islands, 9
Covalent bonding, 94
C p (heat capacity), 113–115, 114f, 116f,
154, 218
Cracks, 102–103, 305–306
Crack-tip bridging, 251
Crazes, 139
Cross-functional parts or components, 62
Cross-linked polymers, 99, 100f
Cryomilling, 266
Crystal lattices, 95–96
Crystalline nanoparticles. See
nanocrystalline materials
Crystallization, 259–260, 264–265
Crystals
imperfections, 110–111
in Mayan blue paint, 33f
reducing scale of, 202
sizes of, 199–200
structure of, 95–98, 183f
vacancy defects, 100
CSGI (Center for Colloid and Interface
Science), 35–37
Cubes, surface-to-volume ratio for, 184–
187, 186f
Cubo-octahedrons, 188–189, 188f, 190t
Culturally dependent properties of
materials, 43, 45–47, 45f
Culture, nanomaterials in
conservation, 32–38
examples, 29–32
C v (heat capacity at constant volume),
113–114
CVD (chemical vapor deposition), 234–
235, 234t, 347–348
Cylinders, surface-to-volume ratio for,
184–187, 186f
D
D (dissipation factor), 121
Damage monitoring, 306–307
Damage-tolerant design, 175t
Damping, 154, 374–376, 430–431
Dark-field detectors, 280–281
Dark-field images, TEM, 279, 280f
DB (decibels), 141
DCPD (dicyclopentadiene), 424–425,
425f
Deacidification, 36–37, 36f–37f
Decibels (dB), 141
Chemical functionalization, 243–244
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD), 234–
235, 234t, 347–348
Chemochromics, 429
Chemoluminescent technologies, 355
Chip technology, 329
Chiral nanotube, 234, 236f
Chirality, 233, 236f
Chloroplasts, 23–24, 24f
Chromics, 352–355
Chromogenic materials, 344
Circadian systems, human, 341
Cité de la Musique et des Beaux-Arts,
417f
Civil engineering, 55. See also building
design
Classes of materials, 87–89
Classical effect, 218
Classification of nanomaterials, 177–182,
186f
Cleaning actions, 407–412. See also selfcleaning materials
Climatic conditions, and building design,
57
Clock of life, Earth’s, 23f
Closed domain structure, macroscopic
ferromagnetic material, 223f
Cloth, 450–451. See also textiles
Clubs, amorphous metal based, 301
CMR (colossal magnetoresistance), 227
CNTs. See carbon nanotubes
Coarse-grained copper, 202–203
Coatings, 300–301, 348–350, 433–436,
441f, 454, 456
Coercive field, 128–129
Coercivity field, 224–225, 224f
Cognition levels, 393–394, 393f
Coherency, design, 70–71
Cold drawing, 107
Collagen fibrils, 27, 28f
Color, 139–140, 339–340
Color-changing materials, 352, 429
Colossal magnetoresistance (CMR),
227
Columns, 103–104, 105f
Communication systems, 513
Complexity, product, 53–54
Composite materials, 88, 103
Composite technology, 20–21
Compression, 42–43, 43f, 104–105
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
models, 316–317
Computer-aided selection, 160–161
Computer-based control systems, 307
Computers, 310–311
Computers-based lighting simulations,
343
Computers-based sound simulation
models, 371
Concave surface curvature, 190–193,
191f, 193f
Concept development, 72
Conceptual design proposals, initial,
79–80
Concern-driven forces for change, 46, 47f
Concert hall design, 78–85
Concrete, 45f, 66f, 302–306, 416–418,
484, 494–495
Condensers, 119–120, 120f
Conduction electrons, 196, 196f
Conductive heat loss, 314
Conductive materials, 317–322
Conductivity
electrical, 118–119, 122–124
thermal, 114, 116–117
Conductors, 122–124, 123f, 194–195,
195f
Confined electrons, 195–196
Conflicting objectives
design, 81–82
overview, 162–163
penalty functions, 166–167
systematic methods, 164–165
tradeoff strategies, 165–166
values for exchange constants,
167–170
weight factors, 163–164
Conflicts, system, 73
Confocal scanning light microscope, 274,
274f–275f
Conservation, of art, 32–38
Consistency, design, 70–71
Consolidation, nanostructured particle,
267
Constant-current mode, STM, 281–283,
283f
Constant-height mode, STM, 281–283,
283f
Constituent systems, 64
Constraints, 154–156, 156t
Construction industry, 82, 510–518. See
also building design
Constructive interference, 345–346,
346f
Consumer appeal, 164
Contact angle, 409–410
Contact mode, AFM, 283–284, 284f
Context, of materials, 45
Continuous improvement, 524
Contrast enhancement, 348–350
Control systems, 513
Convection, 308–309
Conventional engineering, 12f
Convex surface curvature, 190–193, 191f,
193f
Cooling devices, 325–327
Copolymers, 98–99
Copper, 202–203, 203f, 328, 420
Copper Age, 17, 18f
Copper-nickel nanolaminates, 206,
206f
Core textile materials, 454
Corrosion protection, 302
Cosmetics, 459–464, 478–481
Cost
of CNTs, 399–401, 399f
of electronics technology
development, 331
minimizing, 164
of nanomaterials, 396–401, 400f
Cost chart, modulus-relative, 149–150,
158, 159f
Coulomb blockade, 221–222, 222f
Coulomb islands, 9
Covalent bonding, 94
C p (heat capacity), 113–115, 114f, 116f,
154, 218
Cracks, 102–103, 305–306
Crack-tip bridging, 251
Crazes, 139
Cross-functional parts or components, 62
Cross-linked polymers, 99, 100f
Cryomilling, 266
Crystal lattices, 95–96
Crystalline nanoparticles. See
nanocrystalline materials
Crystallization, 259–260, 264–265
Crystals
imperfections, 110–111
in Mayan blue paint, 33f
reducing scale of, 202
sizes of, 199–200
structure of, 95–98, 183f
vacancy defects, 100
CSGI (Center for Colloid and Interface
Science), 35–37
Cubes, surface-to-volume ratio for, 184–
187, 186f
Cubo-octahedrons, 188–189, 188f, 190t
Culturally dependent properties of
materials, 43, 45–47, 45f
Culture, nanomaterials in
conservation, 32–38
examples, 29–32
C v (heat capacity at constant volume),
113–114
CVD (chemical vapor deposition), 234–
235, 234t, 347–348
Cylinders, surface-to-volume ratio for,
184–187, 186f
D
D (dissipation factor), 121
Damage monitoring, 306–307
Damage-tolerant design, 175t
Damping, 154, 374–376, 430–431
Dark-field detectors, 280–281
Dark-field images, TEM, 279, 280f
DB (decibels), 141
DCPD (dicyclopentadiene), 424–425,
425f
Deacidification, 36–37, 36f–37f
Decibels (dB), 141