Figure 7.10
(a) A chart for yield strength and density for engineering materials. The members of each class are enclosed in envelopes. (b) A chart for yield
strength and density for nanomaterials. The envelopes for engineering materials are shown as shadows in the background.
Density, ρ (Mg/m
3 )
0.01
(a)
Yield strength,
σ
y (MPa)
0.01
10
0.1
1
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10,000
PP
PE
Woods,
T
Foams
Polymers and
elastomers
Metals
Ceramics
Composites
Natural
materials
Lead alloys
Tungsten
alloys
Steels
Ti alloys
Mg alloys
CFRP
GFRP
Al alloys
Rigid polymer
foams
Flexible polymer
foams
Ni alloys
Copper
alloys
Zinc alloys
PA
PEEK
PMMA
PC
PET
Cork
Woods, ll
Butyl
rubber
Silicone
elastomers
Concrete
Tungsten
carbide
Al 2 O 3
SiC
Si 3 N 4
Yield strength–Density
MFA, 07
Metals and polymers: Yield strength
Ceramics and glasses: MOR
Elastomers: Tensile tear strength
Composites: Tensile failure
Yield strength (MPa)
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10,000
100,000
MFA, 08
Density, ρ (Mg/m 3 )
0.01
(b)
10
0.1
1
100
Foams
Polymers and
elastomers
Metals
Standard
composites
Natural
materials
Ceramics
Metalic
nanocomposites
Nanocrystalline
metals
Nanowires
of Cu, Ag, Au
Ceramic
nanocomposites
Yield strength–Density
Polymer
CNT composites